ATI LPN
Questions on the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which medication is a tumor necrosis factor blocker?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adalimumab. Adalimumab is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. It works by inhibiting TNF, a key inflammatory cytokine. Methotrexate (A) is an immunosuppressant, Leflunomide (C) is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, and Prednisone (D) is a corticosteroid. These medications work differently and are not TNF blockers.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Celecoxib. Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes. This is due to its mechanism of action, which can lead to elevated blood pressure and interfere with normal blood clotting. Celecoxib is specifically known to increase the risk of cardiovascular events compared to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen are traditional NSAIDs that can also have cardiovascular risks, but the risk is generally lower compared to celecoxib. In summary, celecoxib is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events due to its selective COX-2 inhibition, while the other choices are less likely to have as significant of an impact on cardiovascular health.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client for signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would be consistent with this disorder? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Painful, deformed small joints. This is consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as it can cause joint pain and inflammation, leading to joint deformities. A: Discoid rash on skin exposed to sunlight is a characteristic of cutaneous lupus, not systemic lupus. B: Urinalysis positive for casts and protein is more indicative of lupus nephritis, a complication of SLE affecting the kidneys. D: Pain on inspiration is more suggestive of pleurisy, a common symptom in SLE but not specific to the disease.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with thalassemia has been found to have high iron levels. Which of the following agents would be appropriate for management of this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deferoxamine. Thalassemia patients often require blood transfusions, leading to iron overload. Deferoxamine is an iron-chelating agent that helps remove excess iron from the body. Ferrous sulphate (A) is an iron supplement and would worsen iron overload. Hydroxycobalamin (B) is a form of vitamin B12 and is not indicated for iron overload. Iron dextran (D) is another form of iron supplement and would also exacerbate the iron overload in this patient. Therefore, the appropriate choice is C as it directly addresses the issue of high iron levels in thalassemia patients.
Question 5 of 5
During a secondary humoral response:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a secondary humoral response, memory B cells are activated, leading to a faster and more robust production of Ig antibodies than in the primary response. IgG antibodies, in particular, are produced in higher amounts and persist longer than IgM antibodies. This is because memory B cells are already primed to quickly differentiate into plasma cells upon re-exposure to the same antigen, resulting in a more rapid and efficient immune response. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the characteristics of a secondary humoral response.