Which is unlikely of Florence Nightingale?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nightingale was born 1820, not 1840 living to 90, she founded St. Thomas' School in 1860 (age 40), wrote ‘Notes on Nursing' (1859), and ‘Notes on Hospitals.' The 1840 birth is incorrect; her early life shaped her Crimean work (1850s), cementing her as nursing's founder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: BP 80/50 is most life-threatening e.g., hypoperfusion risks organ failure versus 180/100 (hypertension), 160/120 (severe), or 90/60 (borderline). Low pressure (shock) demands urgent intervention nurses prioritize this e.g., fluids per hemodynamic stability principles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A nurse manager's role is multifaceted, encompassing planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, as outlined in management theories like Venzon's. This includes formulating a vision (e.g., quality care goals), providing in-service training (e.g., skill updates), and using audits (e.g., outcome reviews) to ensure standards. While initiating lifestyle changes aligns with a change agent, protecting rights with an advocate, and coordinating with a case manager, the manager's broader scope integrates these into institutional leadership. For instance, a manager might train staff on new protocols while auditing compliance, ensuring cohesive care delivery. This comprehensive function distinguishes it from narrower roles, making it pivotal in healthcare settings where strategic oversight drives patient outcomes and staff development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas became PGH's first Filipino chief nurse, a landmark in local leadership post-American rule. Unlike St. Paul, Iloilo, or St. Luke's, PGH's prominence amplified her impact e.g., elevating Filipino roles. Her tenure advanced professional recognition, influencing nursing's national identity and autonomy in the early 20th century.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Halbert Dunn's High-Level Wellness (1950s) frames health as maximizing potential within limits e.g., thriving with arthritis. Unlike Erikson's stages, Madaw (unknown), or Peplau's relations, Dunn's concept influences nursing's focus on optimal functioning, shaping wellness programs beyond disease absence.