Which is the most basic need according to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy ranks physiological needs air, water, food, shelter as the most basic, foundational level for survival. Without these, higher needs cannot be pursued; for instance, a patient struggling to breathe (physiological) won't prioritize self-esteem. Physical and psychological isn't a Maslow category; it blends levels imprecisely. Love and belonging (e.g., relationships) is third-tier, reliant on physiological and safety needs being met first. Self-actualization, the top tier, involves personal fulfillment, achievable only after all lower needs are satisfied. In nursing, prioritizing physiological needs like oxygen for a hypoxic patient ensures life-sustaining care precedes emotional or growth-oriented interventions. Maslow's model underscores this hierarchy's logic: physiological stability is the bedrock, making it the most basic need driving human behavior and nursing priorities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypotonic solutions (e.g., 0.45% saline) shift fluid into cells, replacing intracellular loss (e.g., dehydration), making this true ideal for cellular rehydration. Smaller veins aren't ideal for irritating solutions (e.g., potassium); larger veins dilute and tolerate them better, reducing phlebitis making this false. Adapting the true/false format, 'hypotonic solutions should replace intracellular loss' stands as true, supported by fluid dynamics in nursing. Both being true fails due to the vein statement. Neither true ignores the hypotonic role. The first statement's accuracy aligns with IV therapy principles, guiding nurses in fluid management, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Teaching clients to manage their health effectively is a key nursing role in promotion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Knee-chest provides optimal access and visibility for rectal exams.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Supine allows full abdominal exposure for inspection.