Which is not seen in hyperventilation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyperventilation lowers CO2, causing respiratory alkalosis, which binds calcium (hypocalcemia) and lowers phosphate (hypophosphatemia), risking seizures. Hyperphosphatemia doesn't occur phosphate drops with alkalosis. Nurses manage breathing rates, correcting pH and electrolytes to prevent tetany or convulsions, understanding these metabolic shifts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing theory revolves around four major concepts: person (the client), environment (external influences), nursing (the profession's actions), and health (the client's well-being). These form a metaparadigm, a foundational framework for models like Roy's Adaptation or Orem's Self-Care, guiding practice and research. Promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative are health care approaches, not core theoretical concepts specific to intervention types, not theory's essence. Nurse, person, environment, care swaps 'health' for 'care,' diluting the holistic focus; 'nursing' encompasses care broadly. Person, environment, theory, health replaces 'nursing' with 'theory,' confusing the framework with its product. The quartet of person, environment, nursing, and health unifies nursing's domain, ensuring theories address the client, their context, the nurse's role, and desired outcomes, making it the widely accepted answer in nursing scholarship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a 4-month-old infant, chest compressions use two fingers (index and middle) on the sternum, just below the nipple line, per pediatric CPR guidelines (e.g., AHA). This delivers 1.5-inch depth at 100-120 beats per minute, suitable for an infant's small, fragile chest, minimizing injury. Both hands suit adults, overwhelming an infant's frame, risking rib fractures. The heel of one hand applies for children over 1 year, too forceful here. The palm of one hand lacks precision, potentially misplacing pressure. Two fingers balance force and control, ensuring effective circulation during cardiac arrest while protecting the infant's delicate anatomy, making it the standard technique in neonatal resuscitation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lungs are the site of gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bed making is the process of preparing a bed with fresh linens.