Which ion has the lowest electrochemical driving f

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Question 1 of 5

Which ion has the lowest electrochemical driving force in a typical neuron with a resting membrane potential of -65 millivolts?

A. Chloride B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Ion

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chloride’s V_eq is -70 mV, so V_DF = -65 - (-70) = +5 mV, the smallest compared to sodium (-127 mV) and potassium (+21 mV). TMP13 pp. 587-588

Question 2 of 5

Which electrical event is characteristic of inhibitory synaptic interactions?

A. A neurotransmitter agent that selectively opens ligand-gated chloride channels is the basis for an inhibitory postsynaptic potential B. A neurotransmitter that selectively opens potassium channels will allow potassium to move into the cell C. Because the Nernst potential for chloride is about -70 mV, chloride ions tend to move out of the cell along its electrochemical gradient D. An increase in the extracellular sodium concentration usually leads directly to an inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Opening chloride channels causes hyperpolarization, characteristic of inhibition. TMP13 p. 589

Question 3 of 5

Which statement concerning synaptic transmission is correct?

A. When a specific population of synaptic terminals is spread over the considerable surface of a neuron, their collective effects cannot spatially summate and lead to initiation of an action potential B. Even if the successive discharges of an excitatory synapse occur sufficiently close in time, they cannot temporally summate and initiate an action potential C. A neuron is 'facilitated' when its membrane potential is moved in the less negative or depolarizing direction D. Even when rapidly stimulated by excitatory synaptic input for a prolonged period, neurons typically do not exhibit synaptic fatigue

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facilitation occurs when the membrane potential depolarizes, nearing threshold. TMP13 p. 590

Question 4 of 5

A 25-year-old student with 20/20 vision looks up from his book to view his girlfriend sitting on the other side of the room. Which of the following is most likely to occur when the student changes his view from his book to his girlfriend?

A. Thicker lens, contraction of ciliary muscle B. Thicker lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle C. Thinner lens, contraction of ciliary muscle D. Thinner lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Distant vision requires a thinner lens, achieved by ciliary muscle relaxation. TMP13 pp. 639-640

Question 5 of 5

Olfactory receptor cells belong to which group of cells?

A. Bipolar neurons B. Fibroblasts C. Modified epithelial cells D. Multipolar neurons

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons from the CNS. TMP13 p. 689

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Which ion has the lowest electrochemical driving force in a typical neuron with a resting membrane potential of -65 millivolts?

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