ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which intervention should the nurse prioritize for a patient with impaired mobility to prevent respiratory complications?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging deep breathing and coughing prevents respiratory complications like atelectasis in impaired-mobility patients by clearing airways and expanding lungs. Oxygen treats symptoms, spirometry aids expansion but isn't primary, and antibiotics aren't routine. Nurses prioritize this to enhance ventilation, countering immobility's respiratory suppression, a simple yet effective strategy for lung health maintenance.
Question 2 of 5
The physician has ordered dressings with mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) cream for a client with full-thickness burns of the hands and arms. Before dressing changes, the nurse should give priority to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mafenide acetate cream causes significant burning pain upon application to full-thickness burns, making pain management the priority before dressing changes to ensure client comfort and cooperation. Urinary output, blood counts, and glucose levels are important but secondary in this context, as they monitor systemic effects rather than immediate procedural needs. Nurses administer analgesics proactively, timing them to peak during dressing changes, balancing pain relief with ongoing burn care to support healing and reduce distress.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. The client's daughter asks the nurse how her father got cancer of the larynx. The nurse should explain that one risk factor is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for laryngeal cancer, as tobacco's carcinogens directly irritate and mutate laryngeal tissues over time, a well-established link in oncology. Tuberculosis affects the lungs, not typically the larynx, while wood dust and air pollution are more associated with nasal or lung cancers. Nurses educate families on this connection, emphasizing smoking cessation to reduce risk, framing it as a preventable factor. This explanation addresses the daughter's query with clarity, grounding it in the client's likely history, and supports broader health teaching to mitigate future risks in the family.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client following a right total knee replacement. Which of the following should be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Checking the continuous passive motion (CPM) device is key post-right total knee replacement, ensuring it maintains joint mobility and prevents stiffness flat legs, pillows under knees, or prone positioning counter recovery goals. Nurses monitor CPM settings, promoting circulation and range of motion, critical for rehabilitation success.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula. Which nursing diagnosis should receive priority during the infant's preoperative period?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk for aspiration is the priority preoperatively in tracheoesophageal fistula, as the abnormal esophagus-trachea connection risks pneumonia nutrition, fluids, and coping are secondary until surgery corrects the defect. Nurses position head-up, suctioning secretions, preventing respiratory distress in this congenital emergency.