Which intervention demonstrates Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner aligns with Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing. Nightingale emphasized the importance of considering the physical, emotional, and social aspects of patients' well-being. This approach focuses on addressing the whole person rather than just the illness. Respecting the patient's culture and incorporating cultural needs (A) is important in providing patient-centered care, but it does not directly align with Nightingale's theory. Understanding how to motivate people to practice a healthy lifestyle and reduce risks (C) is relevant to health promotion but does not fully capture the holistic approach of Nightingale. Teaching other nurses how to deliver the highest quality of care (D) is essential for professional development but does not specifically reflect Nightingale's holistic nursing philosophy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Credible threat. A credible threat refers to a specific target and method of attack identified by a reliable source. In this scenario, the bomb in the possession of a known terrorist group targeting a government building fits the definition of a credible threat. Choice B: Biological event is incorrect because it does not align with the given scenario of a known terrorist group targeting a government building with a bomb. Choice C: National disaster is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the specific situation of a targeted attack by a terrorist group. Choice D: All-hazards approach is incorrect because it is a comprehensive strategy for addressing various types of emergencies, not specifically focused on a credible threat like the one described in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: clinical pathway. A clinical pathway is a detailed plan of care that outlines specific interventions and timelines based on assessment findings. In this scenario, the plan includes specific dates for discontinuing supplemental oxygen, changing ventilation methods, and transitioning antibiotics. This structured approach ensures consistent and efficient care delivery. A: Patient classification system categorizes patients based on their clinical needs, not specific care plans. B: Patient-centered plan of care focuses on individual preferences and goals, not necessarily specific interventions and timelines. C: Diagnosis-related group is a classification system for reimbursement based on diagnoses, not specific care plans. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe a detailed plan of care with specific interventions and timelines like a clinical pathway does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Point-of-care technology. Point-of-care technology is used at the bedside to access information quickly for immediate patient care, such as procedures like accessing a port-a-cath. In this scenario, the healthcare provider is using a personal digital assistant to follow steps for accessing the port-a-cath, which is a point-of-care technology. A: Data management software focuses on organizing and storing data, not specifically on accessing information at the bedside. B: Electronic health records (EHR) are used for documenting patient information and medical history, not for accessing procedural steps in real-time at the bedside. D: Telehealth involves using technology for remote healthcare services, not for accessing procedural information at the bedside. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to accessing information at the bedside for immediate patient care, unlike point-of-care technology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare in the U.S. is not universally available regardless of ability to pay. This is inaccurate as many individuals face financial barriers to healthcare due to lack of insurance or high costs. Choice A is true as there is no central agency governing the U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is also true as legal risk is an important consideration in healthcare delivery. Choice D is true as high-tech equipment availability and payment issues are challenges in the healthcare system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Industrial unionism. Industrial unionism represents all workers in a particular industry, regardless of their job roles. In this scenario, the workers seeking union representation include various non-nursing employees, making industrial unionism the most suitable option to protect all workers in the agency. A: A right-to-work bargaining organization focuses on individual rights and does not necessarily represent all workers collectively. B: An occupational union typically represents workers in a specific occupation or trade, not all workers in an industry. D: A union shop requires all workers to join the union after a probationary period, which may not apply to all workers in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Customer satisfaction is primarily based on personal interactions with employees because positive interactions create a sense of trust, empathy, and understanding. Customers value feeling valued and appreciated by staff, which directly impacts their overall experience. In contrast, access to modern facilities and wide menu selection may enhance satisfaction, but they are secondary factors. Having to undergo fewer invasive procedures is irrelevant in the context of customer satisfaction in most industries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: total patient care. In this nursing delivery system, nurses are responsible for providing comprehensive care to assigned patients, including personal hygiene, medication administration, education, and emotional support. They have full autonomy and accountability for the patient's care throughout their stay. This system ensures continuity, individualized care, and a strong nurse-patient relationship. Summary of other choices: B: Team nursing involves a team of healthcare professionals working collaboratively to provide care. It does not assign individual nurses to specific patients for comprehensive care. C: Functional nursing divides tasks among different nursing staff based on their expertise. It focuses on efficiency but lacks continuity and individualized care for each patient. D: Partnership nursing involves collaboration between nurses and patients in decision-making and care planning. It emphasizes shared responsibility but does not assign individual nurses to provide total care to specific patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Linda Richards was the first professionally trained nurse in the United States and she established the practice of documenting patient care in medical records. This action is directly linked to her contribution as it improved the organization and continuity of patient care. Exploring psychosocial needs (B) and listening to patient symptoms (D) are important nursing practices, but they were not specifically attributed to Linda Richards. Using antiseptic before injections (A) is important for infection control, but it was not directly related to Linda Richards' contribution.