ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which initiate the Hering-Breuer reflexes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: pulmonary stretch receptors initiate the Hering-Breuer reflex, inhibiting inspiration during lung inflation. Choice A (central) controls chemically. Choice B (carotid) and C (aortic) sense blood gases. Stretch receptors, in bronchial smooth muscle, signal via vagus, preventing overinflation (e.g., prolonged expiration at high volumes), making D the accurate initiator.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding compliance, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: compliance (ΔV/ΔP) is a static measure of lung/chest elasticity, not dynamic (dynamic compliance includes airflow). Choice A is true; FRC balances recoil forces. Choice B is false but not the focus (hysteresis is surfactant-related). Choice C is incorrect but plausible; expiration compliance may appear higher in hysteresis. ' emphysema increases compliance (loss of recoil). Compliance reflects distensibility at rest (e.g., 200 mL/cm H₂O), not breathing dynamics, making E's ‘dynamic' label the error.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding alveolar cells, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice E is incorrect (assuming typo for D); Type II pneumocytes, not membranous, are cuboidal and produce surfactant, not Type I (flat, gas exchange). Choice A is false but not the focus; Type II repair epithelium post-injury, not Type I. Choice B is true; macrophages arise from monocytes. ' mast cells bind IgE via Fc receptors. Choice D is accurate; APUD cells (e.g., Kulchitsky) are endodermal. Type II cells' role in surfactant (e.g., DPPC) and repair distinguishes E's mischaracterization as the error.
Question 4 of 5
A client diagnosed with influenza asks the nurse what he can do to recover more quickly. Which should the nurse recommend to this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Resting in bed and drinking plenty of fluids are the most effective self-care measures for recovering from influenza, a viral illness. Rest reduces physical strain, allowing the immune system to focus energy on fighting the virus, while hydration thins mucus, prevents dehydration from fever, and supports overall recovery. Acetaminophen relieves symptoms like fever and aches but doesn't speed recovery itself. Antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses, so they're inappropriate unless a secondary bacterial infection occurs, which requires medical evaluation. Zinc lozenges lack consistent evidence for shortening flu duration and aren't a primary recommendation. The nurse's advice prioritizes foundational care rest and fluids proven to support the body's natural healing process, aligning with CDC guidelines for uncomplicated flu management, ensuring the client recovers efficiently without unnecessary interventions.
Question 5 of 5
With the assistance of a sign language interpreter, the clinic nurse is interviewing a deaf client to complete the flu risk health history. The client is coughing and febrile. Which questions are necessary to assess for flu risk? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To assess flu risk in a coughing, febrile deaf client, the nurse needs the vaccination history, symptom duration, and exposure details. Vaccination history reveals immunity status unvaccinated clients face higher risk, critical with current symptoms. Symptom duration indicates illness progression, helping gauge severity or complications. Known exposure pinpoints infection likelihood, especially in flu season. Deafness duration is irrelevant it's a communication factor, not a flu risk. Causative factors of deafness don't affect flu susceptibility. The nurse, via the interpreter, focuses on these questions to build a risk profile, tailoring care (e.g., antivirals) to the client's presentation and history, ensuring effective management despite communication barriers, aligning with comprehensive health assessment principles.