ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which information should the nurse include in the teaching for the client prescribed long-term corticosteroid therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight-bearing exercises help prevent osteoporosis, a risk of long-term corticosteroid use.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse correlates which clinical manifestations to the patient diagnosed with myxedema? Select ONE that does not apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1: Decreased gastrointestinal activity results in constipation. 3: Skin changes may result over time secondary to cold intolerance, and a lack of sweating may leave the skin dry and coarse. 4: Cardiac alterations secondary to myxedematous changes include decreased pulse. 5: The increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans causes an osmotic edema and a fluid collection that is associated with a generalized nonpitting edema.
Question 3 of 5
Alterations in the blood pressure is initially detected ..
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect BP changes, sending signals to the vasomotor center.
Question 4 of 5
A 12-year-old girl has experienced increasing malaise for the past 2 weeks. On physical examination, she has periorbital edema. The child is afebrile. Laboratory findings show proteinuria on dipstick urinalysis, but no hematuria or glucosuria. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous oval fat bodies. The serum creatinine level is 2.3 mg/dL. She receives a course of corticosteroid therapy, but does not improve. A renal biopsy is performed and microscopic examination shows that approximately 50% of the glomeruli in the specimen are affected by the lesion shown in the figure. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) shows sclerosis of only a segment of the glomerulus (segmental lesion), and because only 50% of the glomeruli are affected, this is focal disease. FSGS manifests clinically with nephrotic syndrome that does not respond to corticosteroid therapy. FSGS can result from many forms of glomerular injury; some may be linked to NPHS gene mutations. In contrast, corticosteroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in children is typically caused by minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) that is not associated with any glomerular change seen under the light microscope. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) and dense deposit disease are more likely to produce a nephritic syndrome in adults. A diabetic patient with nephrotic syndrome is likely to have nodular glomerulosclerosis or diffuse thickening of the basement membrane. An acute proliferative postinfectious GN has hypercellular glomeruli with neutrophils. A rapidly progressive GN is associated with hematuria, and glomerular crescents are present.
Question 5 of 5
A 53-year-old woman has had fever and flank pain for the past 2 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.2°C, pulse is 81/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows no protein, glucose, or ketones. The leukocyte esterase test is positive. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and occasional WBC casts. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be found in the urine culture?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical features in this patient are typical of urinary tract infection, and Escherichia coli is the most common cause. The WBCs are characteristic of an acute inflammatory process. The presence of WBC casts indicates that the infection must have occurred in the kidney because casts are formed in renal tubules. Most infections of the urinary tract begin in the lower urinary tract and ascend to the kidneys. Hematogenous spread is less common. Cryptococcus and Mycoplasma are rare urinary tract pathogens.