ATI LPN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic juice?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sure. Secretin is the correct answer as it specifically stimulates the release of pancreatic juice. Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to the acidic chyme entering from the stomach. It acts on the pancreas to increase the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice, which helps neutralize the acidic chyme. Insulin (choice A) regulates blood sugar levels, gastrin (choice B) stimulates gastric acid secretion, and glucagon (choice D) increases blood glucose levels. These hormones do not directly stimulate the release of pancreatic juice.
Question 2 of 5
What substance is digested by secretions released by both the salivary glands and the pancreas?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: starch. Salivary glands release amylase to break down starch into maltose in the mouth. Pancreatic amylase continues starch digestion in the small intestine. Fat is broken down by lipase, not secretions from salivary glands or pancreas. Protein is digested by pepsin in the stomach and proteases in the small intestine. Maltose is a product of starch digestion, not the substance digested directly by salivary glands and pancreas.
Question 3 of 5
Into which parts of the human digestive system are digestive enzymes secreted?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: mouth, stomach, small intestine. Digestive enzymes are secreted in these specific parts to aid in the breakdown of food. In the mouth, salivary glands produce amylase to start breaking down carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric glands secrete pepsin to break down proteins. In the small intestine, the pancreas secretes various enzymes such as lipase, protease, and amylase to further break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not include all three key locations where digestive enzymes are secreted.
Question 4 of 5
Emulsification of fats in the small intestines is due to the action of bile, which is released into the intestine from the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: gall bladder. Bile, which emulsifies fats in the small intestines, is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. When the body detects the presence of fats in the small intestines, the gall bladder releases bile into the small intestines to aid in the emulsification process. The stomach (A) is responsible for the initial digestion of food and does not release bile. Villi (C) are tiny finger-like projections in the small intestines that help with nutrient absorption, not bile release. Lacteals (D) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestines that absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they do not release bile.
Question 5 of 5
In some regions of the world, children suffer from a protein deficiency known as kwashiorkor. This deficiency occurs when a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal. Even though the child is receiving calories, the child becomes sick and less active, and growth ceases. These symptoms are probably due to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: a lack of essential amino acids in the diet. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease, specifically characterized by a lack of essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are necessary for proper growth and development, and when they are lacking, the body cannot synthesize important proteins. This leads to symptoms like stunted growth and decreased activity levels. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: too many nucleic acids in the diet - Nucleic acids are not related to kwashiorkor. B: an overconsumption of complete protein foods - Kwashiorkor is caused by a lack of protein, not an overconsumption. C: not enough carbohydrates in the diet - While carbohydrates are important for energy, kwashiorkor is specifically a protein deficiency disease.