ATI LPN
Test Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which hormone causes an increase in permeability to water in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADH increases collecting duct water permeability via aquaporins.
Question 2 of 5
The gradient in osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the medulla of the kidney is caused by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ascending limb pumps out Na+ and Cl-, creating gradient.
Question 3 of 5
Which gland is situated superior to the kidney?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenal gland sits atop each kidney, producing hormones.
Question 4 of 5
What's the difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTI?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uncomplicated has normal anatomy, common in women; complicated has abnormalities, more in men.
Question 5 of 5
A client with Cushing's syndrome is recovering from an elective laparoscopic procedure. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An irregular apical pulse in a client with Cushing's syndrome post-laparoscopy warrants immediate intervention. Cushing's causes hypercortisolism, which can lead to hypokalemia and cardiac arrhythmias, especially under surgical stress. An irregular pulse may indicate a life-threatening dysrhythmia requiring urgent ECG evaluation and electrolyte correction. Purple marks (striae) are typical of Cushing's, a small blood spot is expected post-op, and pitting edema, while concerning, is less acute than a cardiac issue, making the pulse the priority.