Which hematological assessment statement is accurate?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because liver enlargement is typically assessed by measuring the number of centimeters it can be palpated below the ribcage. This method helps determine if the liver is enlarged without the need for imaging. The other choices are incorrect because lymph node assessment usually starts in the neck, the spleen size is assessed by palpating the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, and petechiae are tiny red or purple spots that appear on the skin, not the sclera.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dry mucous membranes. In fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to symptoms such as jugular vein distension, moist crackles in the lungs, and increased heart rate due to the heart's effort to pump excess fluid. Dry mucous membranes are not expected as fluid overload usually presents with signs of fluid accumulation. Dry mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration or hypovolemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aspirin. Aspirin is an acetylated salicylate because it contains acetylsalicylic acid, which is a derivative of salicylic acid. The acetylation of salicylic acid forms aspirin, making it an acetylated salicylate. Choline trilisalicylate (A) is a salt form of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Salsalate (B) is an ester of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Sodium salicylate (C) is the sodium salt of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Thus, aspirin (D) is the only option that fits the description of an acetylated salicylate.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Development of lymphomas or other cancers. Black box warnings are the most serious warnings issued by the FDA for medications. Tumor necrosis factor blockers are associated with an increased risk of developing lymphomas or other cancers due to their immunosuppressive effects. This risk is well-documented in clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance. The other choices, B, C, and D, are not typically associated with tumor necrosis factor blockers. GI bleeding is more commonly associated with NSAIDs, renal failure with certain medications like ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs, and CNS effects with medications that directly affect the central nervous system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Probenecid. Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that works by increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thereby reducing its levels in the blood. This helps in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Allopurinol (B) and Febuxostat (C) are xanthine oxidase inhibitors that work by reducing the production of uric acid. Colchicine (D) is used to relieve gout flares by reducing inflammation and pain, but it is not a uricosuric agent.