Which health condition would increase an adult client's risk for acquiring the flu if exposed?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) increases an adult's risk of acquiring the flu if exposed because it compromises cardiovascular and respiratory function, weakening the body's ability to resist infection. CHF reduces oxygen circulation, impairing immune responses, and fluid buildup in the lungs creates a fertile ground for viral replication and complications like pneumonia. Gallbladder disease and recent cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) don't directly affect immunity or respiratory health, so they pose minimal flu risk. Deep vein thrombosis impacts blood clotting, not infection susceptibility. Adults with CHF, especially older ones, are more vulnerable to severe flu outcomes due to their chronic condition taxing the body's reserves. The nurse identifies CHF as the key risk factor, as it aligns with evidence linking cardiopulmonary conditions to higher flu morbidity, necessitating preventive measures like vaccination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a client with influenza, the nurse recommends resting in bed and drinking plenty of fluids to speed recovery. Rest conserves energy, letting the immune system combat the virus efficiently, while fluids prevent dehydration from fever and thin mucus, easing airway clearance core self-care for this viral illness. Acetaminophen reduces fever and aches, improving comfort but not hastening recovery itself. Antibiotics treat bacteria, not viruses, so they're irrelevant unless a secondary infection emerges, needing medical assessment. Zinc lozenges lack robust evidence for shortening flu duration and aren't standard care. The nurse prioritizes rest and hydration as proven, accessible measures, per CDC guidelines, supporting the body's natural healing without unnecessary drugs, ensuring the client recovers optimally from uncomplicated flu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Long-standing pulmonary edema causes brown induration (B), but it predisposes to infection, not protects, due to hemosiderin-laden macrophages (Page 715). Choice A is false; microvascular injury (e.g., ARDS) damages capillaries, not hydrostatic pressure (that's heart failure). Choice C is incorrect; left heart failure increases capillary hydrostatic pressure, not plasma oncotic pressure (which reduces edema). Choice D is wrong; pneumonia's edema is localized, and death stems from sepsis/infection, not diffuse edema. Brown induration reflects chronic hemorrhage, impairing clearance and increasing infection risk (e.g., pneumonia), making B's 'protective' claim false while aligning with its morphological outcome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is most frequent in middle-aged men (D), with 90% being smokers'. Choice A is false; infection maintains, not develops, disease (smoking initiates). Choice B is incorrect; emphysema, not bronchiolitis, dominates with obstruction. Choice C is wrong; goblet cell overactivity is metaplastic, not dysplastic (protective, not precancerous). Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 722 notes D's demographic men's higher smoking rates historically sustain prevalence, contrasting with A's infection focus or C's terminology error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is smoking-related (C), linked to macrophage accumulation. Choice A is false; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is T_H2-mediated (IL-4/IL-13). Choice B is incorrect; IPF is alveolitis, not bronchiolitis. Choice D is wrong; radiation pneumonitis causes fibrosis, not granulomas (sarcoid does). Choice E (late clubbing) is true. Page 729 confirms C DIP's smoking tie contrasts with IPF's T_H2-driven fibrosis, distinguishing it over A's cell type or D's granuloma error.