Which health condition would increase an adult client's risk for acquiring the flu if exposed?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) heightens an adult's flu risk if exposed, as it weakens heart and lung function, impairing oxygen delivery and immune response. Fluid in the lungs from CHF also fosters viral growth and complications like pneumonia, making infection more likely and severe. Gallbladder disease doesn't affect immunity or respiratory defense. Post-cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) recovery doesn't inherently increase flu susceptibility immunity remains intact. Deep vein thrombosis impacts clotting, not infection risk. The nurse identifies CHF as the key condition, per evidence linking cardiopulmonary issues to flu vulnerability, urging preventive steps like vaccination for such clients to mitigate serious respiratory threats.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nonatopic asthma has normal serum IgE levels (B), emphasizing bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Choice A is false; it's typically viral-triggered, not bacterial. Choice C is incorrect; skin tests are negative (no atopy). Choice D is wrong; occupational asthma is atopic (allergen-driven). Choice E (intrinsic label) is true but not listed. Page 726 details B's distinction lacking IgE elevation, it contrasts with atopic asthma's allergic basis, relying on mucosal inflammation lowering vagal receptor thresholds, unlike C's test results or D's category.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most dangerous inhaled particles are 1-5 μm (B), reaching alveoli to cause fibrosis. Choice A is false; cases decline in the West due to regulation. Choice C is incorrect; larger particles (>10 μm) are filtered, causing less injury than 1-5 μm. Choice D is wrong; silica activates macrophages, releasing fibrogenic mediators (e.g., TNF), not inhibits. Choice E (not all exposed develop disease) is true. Page 733 confirms B's size range optimal for deep penetration and inflammation, unlike A's trend or D's mechanism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Histologically, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) shows acellular surfactant accumulation (C), not cellular exudate. Choice A is false; acquired PAP is most common. Choice B is true; acquired PAP is autoimmune (anti-GM-CSF). Choice D is incorrect; secondary PAP (e.g., silicosis) is rare. Choice E (congenital fatal) is true. Page 741 details C's morphology alveolar spaces fill with lipoproteinaceous material, contrasting with A's prevalence or D's frequency error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lobar pneumonia involves red to grey hepatization (B), marking RBC disintegration in consolidation. Choice A is false; Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause. Choice C is incorrect; productive cough is typical. Choice D is wrong; atypical pneumonia, not lobar, links to immunosuppression. Choice E (age-specific) is a marker, not cause. Page 750 details B's sequence congestion to resolution via hepatization reflects S pneumoniae's progression, unlike A's rarity or C's cough denial.