Which gastrointestinal effect is commonly seen in immobile patients?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Constipation frequently affects immobile patients as reduced movement slows peristalsis and increases intestinal water absorption, hardening stool. This disruption in bowel function is a well-documented outcome of limited physical activity, requiring nursing interventions like hydration or laxatives. Appetite doesn't typically rise with immobility, nor does peristalsis speed up it diminishes. Diarrhea isn't a standard effect unless other factors intervene. Nurses tackle this to restore regularity, understanding that immobility's impact on digestion underscores the need for proactive gastrointestinal care in such patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas became PGH's first Filipino chief nurse, a landmark in local leadership post-American rule. Unlike St. Paul, Iloilo, or St. Luke's, PGH's prominence amplified her impact e.g., elevating Filipino roles. Her tenure advanced professional recognition, influencing nursing's national identity and autonomy in the early 20th century.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Asking care preferences is patient-centered care (A) tailoring to needs, per definition. EBP (B) research, informatics (C) tech, public health (D) population not preference-based. A fits patient focus, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ICP of 22 mmHg (elevated >20) requires mannitol (C) to reduce cerebral edema osmotically. Saline bolus (A) may worsen ICP. Flat bed (B) increases pressure. Coughing (D) raises ICP. C is correct. Rationale: Mannitol lowers ICP swiftly, a standard intervention in brain injury, per neurocritical care, preventing herniation unlike contraindicated actions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Constipation frequently affects immobile patients as reduced movement slows peristalsis and increases intestinal water absorption, hardening stool. This disruption in bowel function is a well-documented outcome of limited physical activity, requiring nursing interventions like hydration or laxatives. Appetite doesn't typically rise with immobility, nor does peristalsis speed up it diminishes. Diarrhea isn't a standard effect unless other factors intervene. Nurses tackle this to restore regularity, understanding that immobility's impact on digestion underscores the need for proactive gastrointestinal care in such patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Monitoring oxygen saturation levels (B) via pulse oximetry is the priority in oxygen therapy safety, as it directly assesses oxygenation effectiveness, ensuring the client's needs are met (target SpO2 typically 92-98%). Respiratory rate (A) is a vital sign but doesn't quantify oxygen delivery. Dyspnea (C) is subjective and less precise than objective SpO2 readings. Adjusting flow rate (D) depends on saturation data, making it secondary. Continuous or frequent SpO2 monitoring detects hypoxemia or hyperoxia early, guiding interventions to prevent complications like respiratory depression or tissue damage, a cornerstone of safe oxygen administration per nursing protocols.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mannitol (D) is an osmotic diuretic given pre-craniotomy to decrease brain fluid, reducing ICP. It doesn't primarily lower BP (A), prevent hypoglycemia (B), or boost cardiac output (C). D is correct. Rationale: Mannitol draws fluid from brain tissue into the bloodstream, lowering ICP, a key pre-surgical intervention in head trauma, per neurosurgical standards, targeting cerebral edema directly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Forgetting side rails leading to a fall is negligence (B) failure of reasonable care, per tort law. Malpractice (A) requires professional standard breach, assault (C) intent to scare, battery (D) touch. B fits unintentional lapse, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clamping above port 30-60 minutes e.g., pools fresh urine ensures accuracy, unlike below (stagnant), short times (insufficient). Nurses perform e.g., sterile for reliability, per standards.