Which first-line agents are preferred in treating seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal HIE seizures, per AAP and WHO guidelines, due to efficacy and safety. Benzodiazepines are adjunctive, paraldehyde is obsolete, phenytoin is second-line, and propofol is contraindicated in neonates.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chromosomal disorders , like Down syndrome, are the top cause of severe mental retardation due to prevalence and impact (CDC). B-E are less frequent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevated VLCFA in plasma and RBCs confirms adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosis (NORD). B-E are incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is false; gloves don’t replace handwashing (CDC). B-E are true.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: NEC triad is prematurity, formula feedings, and ischemia , per AAP. A, B, D, E miss key elements.