ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiac Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which first-line agents are preferred in treating seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal HIE seizures, per AAP and WHO guidelines, due to efficacy and safety. Benzodiazepines are adjunctive, paraldehyde is obsolete, phenytoin is second-line, and propofol is contraindicated in neonates.
Question 2 of 9
A child appears with jaundice and dark urine. Physical examination reveals hepatomegaly. Sweat chloride test is positive. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis fits jaundice, hepatomegaly, and positive sweat test, likely biliary cirrhosis, per CFF. A, B, D, E don’t match.
Question 3 of 9
A 7-year-old boy with suspected right-sided pneumonia should be positioned
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Supine position C aids breathing and drainage in pneumonia, per document .
Question 4 of 9
A 6-year-old boy presents with chest pain and dyspnea. Echocardiogram shows pericardial effusion. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pericarditis features pain and effusion, per AHA. A, C-E differ.
Question 5 of 9
The best way to detect fluid retention in nephrotic syndrome is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Daily weight C tracks fluid retention, per document p14, 7.
Question 6 of 9
The most common form of lead poisoning in children comes from:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lead poisoning in children most commonly arises from ingestion of lead-based paint , often from old homes. Pencils use graphite, not lead; medications are rarely a source; and water can be contaminated but is less common than paint exposure historically.
Question 7 of 9
A 5-year-old girl presents with recurrent UTIs and daytime wetting. Voiding cystourethrogram shows reflux. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VUR causes recurrent UTIs and reflux on VCUG, per AAP. A, C-E differ in imaging.
Question 8 of 9
A 6-month-old boy appears with fever, wheezing, and respiratory distress following an upper respiratory infection (URI). Physical examination reveals bilateral wheezing, subcostal retractions, and nasal flaring. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bronchiolitis is typical at 6 months post-URI with bilateral wheezing and distress, per AAP. Asthma is rare this young, and A, B, E are less likely.
Question 9 of 9
Which first-line agents are preferred in treating seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal HIE seizures, per AAP and WHO guidelines, due to efficacy and safety. Benzodiazepines are adjunctive, paraldehyde is obsolete, phenytoin is second-line, and propofol is contraindicated in neonates.