ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which findings are typical of end-stage renal disease? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by the kidneys' inability to filter waste and maintain homeostasis, leading to specific clinical findings. Iron-deficient anemia (A) occurs due to reduced erythropoietin production by failing kidneys, impairing red blood cell synthesis. Decreased creatinine clearance (C) is a hallmark of ESRD, reflecting the kidneys' diminished filtration capacity, causing creatinine to accumulate in the blood. Metabolic acidosis (D) results from the kidneys' failure to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, lowering blood pH. Increased albumin levels (B) are incorrect because ESRD often leads to hypoalbuminemia due to proteinuria and malnutrition, not increased levels. Increased serum calcium (E) and respiratory alkalosis (F) are not typical; instead, hypocalcemia and compensatory respiratory changes might occur but aren't primary findings. The question asks for typical findings, and while A, C, and D apply, the CSV format requires a single correct answer, so C is selected as a key indicator due to its direct tie to renal filtration failure, a core feature of ESRD.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse has finished suctioning a client. The nurse should use which parameters to best determine the effectiveness of suctioning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear breath sounds (B) best determine suctioning effectiveness, indicating secretion clearance. Pink skin (A), comfort (C), or high Sao2 (D) are supportive but less direct. B is correct. Rationale: Audible lung clarity confirms airway patency, the primary suctioning goal, per respiratory assessment standards.
Question 3 of 5
Initially after a brain attack (stroke, cerebrovascular accident), a client's pupils are equal and reactive to light. Four hours later the nurse identifies that one pupil reacts more slowly than the other. The client's systolic blood pressure is beginning to increase. On which condition should the nurse be prepared to focus care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow pupil reaction and rising systolic BP post-stroke indicate increased ICP (D), a common complication. Spinal (A) or hypovolemic shock (C) don't apply. Herniation (B) is a result. D is correct. Rationale: ICP from edema or bleeding requires urgent focus, per stroke management protocols, to prevent further brain damage.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a C6 spinal cord injury. Which activity should the nurse encourage to promote independence?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: C6 SCI allows arm movement; feeding with adaptive utensils (B) promotes independence. Wheelchair (A) is mobility. Walking (C) or full dressing (D) exceed C6 ability. B is correct. Rationale: C6 function supports elbow flexion, enabling self-feeding with tools, per rehabilitation goals, enhancing autonomy.
Question 5 of 5
The lowest level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Maslow's Hierarchy, physiologic needs form the lowest level, encompassing essentials like air, water, food, and shelter required for survival. These foundational needs must be met before higher levels like safety, love, or self-esteem can be addressed, as a person cannot focus on security or relationships if starving or dehydrated. For example, a client struggling to breathe prioritizes oxygen over emotional support, illustrating this hierarchy's practical application in nursing. Misplacing higher needs below physiologic ones ignores human survival instincts, making this the correct baseline for assessing client priorities in care planning.