ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which finding during the assessment may trigger concerns about pernicious anemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can occur after gastric bypass surgery due to malabsorption. Excessive fatigue is a common symptom of pernicious anemia. B: Hematuria is associated with kidney or bladder issues, not pernicious anemia. C: Pancytopenia is a decrease in all three blood cell types, not specific to pernicious anemia. D: Epistaxis is nosebleeds, which are not typically associated with pernicious anemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a demand pacemaker inserted with the rate set at 72/min. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a demand pacemaker only paces when the client's heart rate falls below the set rate (in this case, 72/min). Telemetry monitoring showing QRS complexes occurring at a rate of 74/min with no pacing spikes indicates that the client's intrinsic heart rate is above the set rate, so the pacemaker is not pacing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the expected outcome of a demand pacemaker set at 72/min. Choice B shows the QRS rate below the set rate with pacing spikes, choice C shows the QRS rate at the set rate with constant spikes, and choice D indicates bradycardia with pacing spikes, all of which are not in line with the functioning of a demand pacemaker.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume overload from a cardiovascular disorder. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?Select one that does not apply
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dry mucous membranes. In fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to symptoms such as jugular vein distension, moist crackles in the lungs, and increased heart rate due to the heart's effort to pump excess fluid. Dry mucous membranes are not expected as fluid overload usually presents with signs of fluid accumulation. Dry mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration or hypovolemia.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is an acetylated salicylate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aspirin. Aspirin is an acetylated salicylate because it contains acetylsalicylic acid, which is a derivative of salicylic acid. The acetylation of salicylic acid forms aspirin, making it an acetylated salicylate. Choline trilisalicylate (A) is a salt form of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Salsalate (B) is an ester of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Sodium salicylate (C) is the sodium salt of salicylic acid, not acetylated. Thus, aspirin (D) is the only option that fits the description of an acetylated salicylate.
Question 5 of 5
What is a black box warning for tumor necrosis factor blockers?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Development of lymphomas or other cancers. Black box warnings are the most serious warnings issued by the FDA for medications. Tumor necrosis factor blockers are associated with an increased risk of developing lymphomas or other cancers due to their immunosuppressive effects. This risk is well-documented in clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance. The other choices, B, C, and D, are not typically associated with tumor necrosis factor blockers. GI bleeding is more commonly associated with NSAIDs, renal failure with certain medications like ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs, and CNS effects with medications that directly affect the central nervous system.