ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which does not protect body surfaces?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unintact skin. Intact skin serves as a physical barrier protecting the body from pathogens. When the skin is not intact (broken or wounded), it loses its protective function, making it unable to effectively protect body surfaces. Therefore, unintact skin does not protect body surfaces. A: Mucus helps trap and remove pathogens from the respiratory and digestive systems. C: Gastric acid kills ingested pathogens in the stomach. D: Epithelial surface cilia help move mucus and trapped pathogens out of the respiratory system.
Question 2 of 5
Client anxious about bone marrow biopsy. Best action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess fears and coping mechanisms. This is the best action because it allows the healthcare provider to understand the specific anxieties the client has about the bone marrow biopsy. By assessing fears and coping mechanisms, the healthcare provider can tailor their approach to provide appropriate support and information. Reassuring it's a common test (B) may not address the client's specific fears. Sedating prior to the procedure (C) may not be necessary if the client's anxiety can be adequately managed through other means. Telling the client they'll be asleep (D) may not address the underlying anxieties and may lead to false expectations.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning the care of a client who requires immunosuppression to ensure engraftment of depleted bone marrow during a transplantation procedure. What is the most important component of infection control in the care of this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thorough and consistent hand hygiene. This is essential to prevent the transmission of microorganisms between the client and healthcare providers. Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of infection in healthcare settings. IVIG (A) is not directly related to infection control. Antibiotic administration (B) is important in treating infections but does not prevent transmission. While appropriate use of gloves and goggles (C) is important, it is not as critical as hand hygiene in preventing infections.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection expresses an interest in exploring alternative and complementary therapies. How should the nurse best respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge client interest in alternative therapies. Step 2: Provide balanced information about alternative therapies. Step 3: Emphasize benefits and risks of alternative therapies. Step 4: Encourage open discussion and decision-making with healthcare provider. Choice C is correct as it acknowledges client autonomy, provides information, and promotes informed decision-making. Choice A is incorrect as it dismisses alternative therapies outright. Choice B is incorrect as it discourages without considering individual preferences. Choice D is incorrect as it presents a binary choice without discussing the nuances of treatment options.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing the skin integrity of a client who has AIDS. When performing this inspection, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what skin surfaces.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perianal region and oral mucosa. In clients with AIDS, these areas are particularly prone to opportunistic infections due to the compromised immune system. The perianal region can be affected by conditions like anal warts or fungal infections, while oral mucosa can develop oral thrush or other oral infections. These areas are also important for early detection and treatment to prevent systemic spread of infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not prioritize areas that are more susceptible to infections in clients with AIDS.