Which disease was declared as a target for eradication in the Philippines through Presidential Proclamation No. 4?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measles. Step 1: Presidential Proclamation No. 4 in the Philippines declared measles as a target for eradication. Step 2: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications, making it a priority for eradication efforts. Step 3: Measles eradication efforts involve vaccination campaigns to achieve herd immunity. Summary: A, Poliomyelitis, and D, Neonatal Tetanus, are also targeted for eradication globally but not specifically declared in the Philippines. C, Rabies, is a viral disease transmitted through animal bites and is not typically targeted for eradication due to the complex nature of its transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because health education and community organizing are essential components of community health nursing, aligning with the concept of developmental service. Health education promotes individual and community empowerment, while community organizing fosters partnerships and collaboration for sustainable health outcomes. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: While personal and professional development is important for a community health nurse, it does not directly illustrate the developmental service aspect of community health nursing. C: Health promotion, prevention, and treatment of disease are important aspects of community health nursing, but they do not specifically highlight the developmental service nature. D: Providing nursing services in people's residences is a common practice in community health nursing, but it does not directly relate to the developmental service aspect emphasized by Freeman and Heinrich.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To maximize the community's resources in dealing with health problems. Community organizing aims to empower communities by utilizing their existing resources effectively. This approach fosters sustainable solutions and encourages community members to take ownership of their health outcomes. Explanation: 1. A: While education is important, the primary goal of community organizing is not solely to educate but to actively engage the community in problem-solving. 2. B: Mobilizing the community is a crucial step, but the ultimate goal is to maximize resources for long-term sustainability. 3. D: Developing self-reliance is a positive outcome, but the primary focus is on collective action and resource optimization to address health issues effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in community-based nursing, conducting a community diagnosis is crucial to identify the specific nursing needs and problems of the community. This helps in planning and implementing appropriate interventions. Choice A is incorrect as providing services in the natural environment is a characteristic of community health nursing, not community-based practice specifically. Choice C is incorrect because community-based practice focuses on utilizing resources beyond just those available within the community. Choice D is incorrect as priority setting is based on the identified needs, not just the magnitude of health problems.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Location of the workplace in relation to health facilities. This factor must be considered in determining occupational health privileges as it directly impacts access to healthcare services in case of emergencies or health issues. Employers need to ensure that workers have timely access to medical facilities for their well-being. A: The type of occupation is relevant, but not as crucial as the proximity to health facilities in terms of providing immediate medical care. C: The classification of the business enterprise based on net profit is not directly related to determining occupational health privileges for workers. D: The sex and age composition of employees may influence certain health considerations, but access to health facilities is a more critical factor in determining the entitlement to occupational health privileges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health deficit. Mental retardation in the youngest child of the Delos Reyes family represents a health deficit as it indicates a lack or impairment in the child's cognitive abilities and overall health status. The typology of family nursing problems categorizes issues that require nursing interventions, and a health deficit aligns with the child's developmental delay. A health threat (choice A) typically refers to potential risks to health, which is not the case here as the diagnosis has already been made. Foreseeable crisis (choice C) involves situations that may lead to a crisis but are not yet imminent, which does not apply in this scenario. Stress point (choice D) involves a specific event or situation causing stress, which is not the primary concern in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Swaroop's index. Swaroop's index measures the proportion of deaths occurring after a certain age, typically 70 years old, providing a more accurate assessment of longevity than just reaching the average lifespan. Age-specific mortality rate (A) focuses on mortality at specific age groups, not overall longevity. Proportionate mortality rate (B) measures the proportion of deaths from a specific cause, not overall longevity. Case fatality rate (D) is the proportion of deaths from a specific disease, not a measure of overall longevity. In summary, Swaroop's index is the most appropriate statistic for assessing longevity beyond just reaching the average lifespan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Analytical epidemiology. This branch focuses on investigating the causes and risk factors of diseases, such as heart diseases in the municipality. It involves comparing groups to identify associations and determine causality, which aligns with studying factors contributing to high mortality rates. Descriptive epidemiology (choice A) describes the distribution of diseases but does not delve into causes. Therapeutic epidemiology (choice C) focuses on treatment interventions, not causes. Evaluation epidemiology (choice D) assesses the effectiveness of programs, not specifically causes of diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary. Operation Timbang involves early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of malnutrition, which falls under secondary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health issue, while tertiary prevention focuses on managing and reducing the impact of an existing health problem. Intermediate prevention is not a recognized category in public health. In summary, Operation Timbang is focused on early detection and intervention, making it a form of secondary prevention.