ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which diagnostic test evaluates the morphological features of the blood cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral blood smear. This diagnostic test is used to evaluate the morphological features of blood cells by examining their size, shape, and structure under a microscope. It provides valuable information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Reticulocyte count (B) measures immature red blood cells, not morphological features. Oxygen saturation (C) assesses the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Platelet count (D) quantifies the number of platelets in the blood, not their morphology.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day. In late-stage heart failure with fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to weight gain. This rapid weight gain is a key indicator of worsening fluid overload. Option B (Weight loss) is incorrect as fluid volume overload typically leads to weight gain. Option C (Dry skin) is incorrect as it is not a common finding in fluid volume overload. Option D (Decreased urine output) is incorrect as fluid volume overload usually leads to increased urine output due to the body's attempt to eliminate excess fluid.
Question 3 of 5
What are the actions of salicylates? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because salicylates do not have antihypertensive actions. Salicylates, like aspirin, are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. They work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Antihypertensive medications work differently to lower blood pressure and are not a characteristic action of salicylates. Salicylates can even cause adverse effects on blood pressure in some individuals. This makes choice D incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
Which medication is an immunosuppressive agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methotrexate. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune system's response. It inhibits the production of certain cells involved in the immune response, making it effective in managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Hydroxychloroquine, Celecoxib, and Diclofenac are not immunosuppressive agents; they are used for other purposes such as treating malaria (Hydroxychloroquine), pain and inflammation (Celecoxib, Diclofenac).
Question 5 of 5
What is a consideration for patients taking probenecid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Probenecid is a medication used to treat gout by increasing the excretion of uric acid. 2. Common side effects include nausea and rash, which are important to monitor in patients. 3. Nausea can affect adherence to treatment, while rash may indicate an allergic reaction. 4. Retinal damage (B), bone marrow suppression (C), and hepatotoxicity (D) are not associated with probenecid use. 5. Therefore, monitoring for nausea and rash (A) is crucial for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.