ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which contain glomus cells of two types, with Type I cells containing large amounts of dopamine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: carotid bodies contain glomus cells Type I (dopamine-rich, neurotransmitter) and Type II (support) sensing POâ‚‚, PCOâ‚‚, pH. Choice A (central) lacks glomus cells. Choice C (aortic) has similar cells but is less prominent. Choice D (stretch) is mechanical. Carotid bodies, at carotid bifurcations, use Type I cells to signal hypoxia, releasing dopamine, making B the precise match.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding exercise, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: breathing's energy cost rises to ≈2-5% in exercise (not 10%), though it can reach 10-15% in respiratory disease. Choice B is true; ventilation increases 20x (6 to 120 L/min). ' VO₂ rises ≈15-20x (0.25 to 4-5 L/min in fit adults). Choice D is plausible; VCO₂ can increase disproportionately (e.g., 20-40x) with anaerobic metabolism (RQ > 1). Choice E (P₅₀ up) is true. Normal exercise elevates respiratory work modestly (≈0.5 to 5 kcal/min), not 10% of total (≈50-100 kcal/min), making A overstated and false.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following does NOT increase synthesis of 2,3-DPG?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: phosphate deficiency decreases 2,3-DPG synthesis, as phosphate is a substrate in glycolysis (1,3-BPG to 2,3-DPG via mutase). Choice A (growth hormone), C (thyroid hormone), D (exercise), and E (androgens) increase 2,3-DPG by boosting metabolism or hypoxia response, shifting the O₂ curve right (P₅₀ up). In hypoxia (e.g., altitude, exercise), 2,3-DPG rises (e.g., 15 to 20 µmol/g Hb) to aid O₂ unloading. Phosphate scarcity impairs this, reducing levels (e.g., in hypophosphatemia), distinguishing B as the non-stimulator among metabolic enhancers.
Question 4 of 5
The clinic nurse is preparing to give an antiviral drug to an older client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sickle cell disease. Which ordered medication would cause the nurse to notify the prescriber?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zanamivir is an inhaled antiviral used for influenza but is contraindicated in clients with COPD because it can cause bronchospasm, worsening airway obstruction and potentially leading to respiratory distress. For an older client with COPD and sickle cell disease, this risk is amplified, as both conditions compromise oxygen delivery COPD via lung function and sickle cell via reduced blood oxygenation. Oseltamivir (also known as Tamiflu) is an oral antiviral safe for such clients, making it a better choice. Xanax, an anti-anxiety drug, isn't an antiviral and is irrelevant here. The nurse must notify the prescriber about Zanamivir due to its potential to exacerbate the client's respiratory condition, requiring an alternative like Oseltamivir. This decision reflects the nurse's duty to assess medication appropriateness based on the client's comorbidities, preventing harm and ensuring treatment aligns with the client's fragile health status.
Question 5 of 5
The school nurse is talking to fifth graders about the use of tissues when blowing one's nose. Which cause of a runny nose should the nurse include in the teaching session?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A runny nose during influenza occurs because cells lining the respiratory passages die due to viral infection, releasing fluid and triggering inflammation, which increases mucus production. This is a key immune response to trap and expel the virus, appropriate for fifth graders to understand as a body defense. Drinking water doesn't cause runny noses it hydrates, not floods, the nose. Insufficient coughing or sneezing might worsen congestion but isn't the root cause mucus forms regardless. Viruses don't ‘melt' into fluid; they're already microscopic and trigger fluid release via cell damage, not fever directly. The nurse teaches this cellular explanation to connect symptoms to infection, making it relatable and scientifically sound, encouraging tissue use to manage mucus and reduce germ spread among kids.