ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which comment from the nurse demonstrates an understanding of aplastic anemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because aplastic anemia is primarily caused by autoimmune activity where cytotoxic T cells target and destroy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This leads to pancytopenia and hypocellular, not hypercellular, bone marrow. Choice A is incorrect because aplastic anemia is not the most common type of anemia. Choice B is incorrect because it can also be caused by factors other than medications and toxins. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the opposite of the characteristic bone marrow finding in aplastic anemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for an adult client who has sickle cell anemia and has a history of receiving blood transfusions. For which of the following complications should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron toxicity. Patients with sickle cell anemia often require frequent blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload. This excess iron can accumulate in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, causing toxicity. Monitoring for signs of iron toxicity is crucial to prevent organ damage. B: Vitamin B12 deficiency is not typically associated with sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. C: Hypokalemia is not a common complication of sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. D: Infection is a risk with blood transfusions, but the question specifically asks about complications related to sickle cell anemia and blood transfusions, making iron toxicity the most relevant concern.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has anemia and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. The nurse should educate the client about monitoring blood pressure regularly and reporting any signs of hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because weight loss is not a common effect of epoetin alfa. Choice C is incorrect as hair growth does not increase with this medication. Choice D is incorrect as urine output is not typically affected by epoetin alfa. The key is to focus on the medication's potential adverse effects and educate the client accordingly.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Diclofenac is a NSAID commonly used for pain relief and inflammation. 2. NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, reducing inflammation. 3. Celecoxib is a selective NSAID, but not the only true NSAID. 4. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant used for autoimmune diseases. 5. Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), not an NSAID. Summary: Diclofenac is the correct answer as it is a traditional NSAID that inhibits cyclooxygenase. Celecoxib is a selective NSAID, while Methotrexate and Leflunomide are not categorized as NSAIDs but serve different purposes in treatment.
Question 5 of 5
Which medication is an immunomodulator?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Leflunomide, as it is an immunomodulator that acts by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis, thereby suppressing the immune response in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate (B) is an immunosuppressant that inhibits DNA synthesis. Hydroxychloroquine (C) is an antimalarial drug with immunomodulatory effects but is not primarily used for this purpose. Adalimumab (D) is a biologic agent that targets tumor necrosis factor-alpha and is classified as a TNF inhibitor, not an immunomodulator.