ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which cell in the collecting tubule of the renal tubules functions in maintaining water and salt balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Principal cells in the collecting tubule regulate water and salt balance. They reabsorb sodium (Naâº) in response to aldosterone, aiding salt retention, and reabsorb water under antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control, concentrating urine and maintaining blood volume. Intercalated cells focus on acid-base balance, while macula densa cells (in the distal tubule) and mesangial cells (in the glomerulus) serve different purposes, making B the correct choice for water and salt regulation.
Question 2 of 5
First stimulation in the micturition reflex is when the volume reaches?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The micturition reflex begins with the first urge to void at 150-300 ml, typically around 150 ml, when bladder stretch receptors activate afferent pelvic nerve signals to the sacral cord. This initiates reflex detrusor contraction, though voluntary control can delay it. Higher volumes (300-700 ml) escalate sensations, but 150 ml marks the reflex onset, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
Feedback signals that inhibit the thirst centers include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thirst is inhibited by feedback signals like moistening of the mouth and throat mucosa, which signals hydration and reduces the drive to drink. Stomach and intestinal stretch (from fluid intake) also contribute, but ‘inhibition of stretch receptors' (A) implies blocking, not activating, so it's incorrect. B alone is precise, making it correct.
Question 4 of 5
The main goal of treatment for acute glomerulonephritis is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, often leading to fluid retention, hypertension, and edema due to impaired filtration. The primary treatment goal is to maintain fluid balance, preventing overload or dehydration by monitoring intake, output, and weight, and adjusting fluids accordingly. Encouraging activity (A) may worsen strain, high protein intake (B) is avoided due to proteinuria, and catheterization (D) is not routine, making C the correct focus.
Question 5 of 5
When examining a patient who is paralyzed below the T4 level, the medical-surgical nurse expects to find:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paralysis below T4 (thoracic spinal cord injury) spares upper extremities (C5-T1 innervation), allowing independent use, and preserves diaphragm function (C3-5), enabling an efficient cough (D). Flaccidity (A) or spasticity (B) affects lower limbs, and ventilatory support (C) is for higher injuries, making D correct.