Which causative factor(s) may be responsible for primary endocrine disorders?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endocrine disorders are caused by an imbalance in the production of hormone or by an alteration in the body's ability to use the hormones produced. Primary endocrine dysfunction means that an endocrine gland is either oversecreting or undersecreting hormone(s). Tumor or hyperplasia of the endocrine gland may lead to hypersecretion. Infection, mechanical damage, or an autoimmune response may be an inflammatory response in a gland and lead to hyposecretion. Secondary endocrine dysfunction occurs from factors outside the gland itself. Medications, trauma, hormone therapy, and other factors may cause secondary dysfunction. Long periods of limited mobility do not cause endocrine disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Exocrine cells of the pancreas (acinar cells) secrete digestive juices into ducts that aid in digestion, unlike endocrine cells which secrete hormones like insulin into the blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary and thyroxine from the thyroid are critical for growth and metabolic regulation during development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus leads to increased dilute urine output due to reduced antidiuretic hormone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bradycardia is a symptom of hypothyroidism due to slowed metabolism.