Which biological used in Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is stored in the freezer?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: OPV. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) used in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is stored in the freezer to maintain its potency. OPV is a live vaccine that requires cold storage to prevent the virus from becoming inactive. DPT, Hepatitis B vaccine, and Measles vaccine are typically stored in the refrigerator, not the freezer, as they are either killed or attenuated vaccines that remain stable at higher temperatures. Therefore, the need for freezer storage specifically points to OPV as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG. BCG vaccine is administered through intradermal injection, leaving a small scar due to the immune response it triggers. The scar formation is a characteristic feature of the BCG vaccine and is used as an indicator of successful vaccination. Other vaccines like DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles do not typically leave a permanent scar at the injection site. The scar formation with BCG vaccine is a result of the body's immune response to the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain in the vaccine, leading to a localized inflammatory reaction and subsequent scarring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections. Explanation for other choices: B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client. C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system. D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. During measles, Vitamin A supplementation is crucial to reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery. Vitamin A deficiency is common in children with measles and can lead to severe outcomes. Tetanus toxoid (A) is not indicated in measles treatment. Vitamin D (C) and Vitamin E (D) do not play a significant role in managing measles symptoms. In summary, Vitamin A is essential for children with measles to prevent complications and support recovery, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To prevent anemia. Iron supplementation in pregnant women is primarily aimed at preventing iron-deficiency anemia, a common condition during pregnancy due to increased demand for iron. Anemia can lead to complications for both the mother and the fetus, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Providing iron helps maintain adequate hemoglobin levels for optimal oxygen transport. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Supporting fetal growth is an important aspect of prenatal care, but iron supplementation specifically targets preventing anemia. C: While iron deficiency may contribute to premature labor, the primary purpose of iron supplementation is to prevent anemia. D: Postpartum hemorrhage risk is more related to factors such as uterine atony and trauma during childbirth, not directly impacted by iron supplementation.