Which assessment finding in a patient admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) requires the most immediate action by the nurse?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A decrease in O2 saturation to less than 92% indicates hypoxemia, and the nurse should start supplemental O2 immediately. An increase in apical pulse rate, 1-kg weight gain, and decreases in urine output also indicate worsening heart failure and require nursing actions, but the low O2 saturation rate requires the most immediate nursing action.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fenestrated capillaries without diaphragms are found in the renal glomerulus for filtration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, leading to chronic hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Erythropoietin is secreted by peritubular capillary cells in the kidney in response to hypoxia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chylomicrons have the lowest density due to their high triglyceride content.