Which aspect of the full-spectrum nursing role is essential for the nurse to do in order to successfully carry out all the others?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thinking and reasoning (clinical judgment, critical thinking, and problem-solving) are essential because they underpin all other nursing actions, ensuring effective and safe care delivery across all roles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute postoperative pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and elevated heart rate as part of the stress response. While heart rate typically increases (not decreases), respiratory rate may increase (not decrease) due to anxiety or discomfort, and temperature may rise later due to inflammation, the most immediate and consistent vital sign change is an increase in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the hypopyretic (defervescence) phase, excessive sweating can lead to hypovolemia, causing low blood pressure, tachycardia (fast pulse), and cold limbs—signs of impending collapse. Chills occur during the chill phase, and flushing/sweating alone don’t indicate collapse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bronchial asthma causes airway obstruction, leading to chest tightness, cyanosis (from hypoxia), and laborious exhalation (A) due to trapped air. Inspiration (B, D) is less affected than expiration in asthma; 'flatness' (C) is unclear and incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers. Hourly (A) is excessive, 5 (C) or 6 (D) hours risks breakdown.