Which adverse reaction should the nurse include in teaching a client who has received the influenza vaccine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse teaches that a sore muscle at the injection site is a common flu vaccine reaction, caused by needle trauma and local immune response, typically mild and short-lived (1–2 days). This prepares the client for a normal effect, per CDC data, reducing worry. Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever tie more to the live nasal spray, not the inactivated shot most receive. Hives and numbness signal rare allergic reactions, not routine teaching points. Malaise and myalgia occur occasionally but aren't as universal as site soreness. Highlighting this expected outcome ensures the client distinguishes it from serious issues, fostering vaccine trust and adherence by setting realistic post-shot expectations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased submucosal gland size (D) is not a hallmark of asthma; it's seen in chronic bronchitis. Choice A (Curschmann spirals mucus plugs with epithelium) is true. Choice B (Charcot-Leyden crystals eosinophil protein) is correct. Choice C (thickened basement membrane with inflammation) is typical. Choice E (eosinophils/mast cells) is asthma-specific. Page 726 lists asthma's features bronchial inflammation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus plugs but submucosal glands hypertrophy in bronchitis, not asthma, making D the exception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) causes coal nodules (C), larger than macules. Choice A is false; unlike silicosis, it doesn't increase TB risk. Choice B is incorrect; complicated CWP is uncommon (<10%), not universal. Choice D is wrong; anthracosis (mild) affects urban dwellers/smokers, not just coal workers. Choice E (no cancer link) is true. Page 734 details C's morphology nodules from dust aggregation distinguish it over A's TB link or B's prevalence error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can complicate central venous lines (D), via catheter-related thrombi. Choice A is true; in situ pulmonary thrombi are rare (most are embolic). Choice B is correct; 30% of burn deaths involve PE. Choice C is accurate; PE causes ≈10% of hospital deaths. Choice E (all true) is redundant. Page 742 confirms D's clinical relevance lines increase venous thromboembolism risk, aligning with A-C's epidemiology, making it a key feature.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order in lobar pneumonia is congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution (D). Congestion (edema/exudate) precedes red hepatization (RBCs in alveoli), followed by grey hepatization (RBC lysis, fibrin), then resolution (clearance). Choice A reverses order. Choice B skips congestion. Choice C misplaces red/grey. Choice E adds fibrosis (not typical). Page 750 outlines D's progression S pneumoniae's inflammation evolves predictably, with grey following red as RBCs disintegrate, making it the accurate sequence.