ATI LPN
Quiz Questions Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which action by the parents demonstrates an understanding of the nurse’s teaching with regard to prevention of iron-deficient anemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age aligns with the nurse's teaching to prevent iron-deficient anemia. Iron-fortified foods help meet the infant's iron needs, as breastmilk alone may not provide sufficient iron after 4-6 months. Choice A is incorrect because formula not fortified with iron can lead to iron deficiency. Choice C is incorrect because cow's milk is not recommended before 1 year old due to its low iron content and risk of causing intestinal bleeding. Choice D is incorrect because vitamin C actually enhances iron absorption, so limiting it would not prevent anemia.
Question 2 of 5
The antiemetic drug ondansetron (Zofran) is administered to a child receiving chemotherapy. When should the nurse administer this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ondansetron is a prophylactic antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting. 2. Administering before chemotherapy helps to pre-emptively control symptoms. 3. By giving it before, the drug can reach peak effectiveness when chemotherapy-induced nausea is most likely to occur. 4. Administering after or only if nausea occurs may not provide optimal prevention. 5. Choice D is incorrect as ondansetron is effective for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse would prepare the parents of a child with suspected leukemia for which of the following tests that would confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bone marrow aspiration. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, so bone marrow aspiration is the definitive test to confirm the diagnosis. It allows for the examination of the bone marrow cells to identify abnormal cells characteristic of leukemia. A: Lumbar puncture is used to assess the cerebrospinal fluid and is not specific for leukemia diagnosis. C: Complete blood count with differential can show abnormalities, but bone marrow aspiration is needed for a definitive diagnosis. D: Blood culture is used to detect infections, not leukemia. In summary, bone marrow aspiration is the most direct and accurate test for confirming leukemia, as it provides a detailed analysis of the bone marrow cells.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is taking care of a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis who is taking potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse anticipates discussing the diet with the child and his parents. The diet should include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A sodium restriction. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are not effectively filtering out waste, leading to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Potassium-sparing diuretics help the kidneys remove excess fluid and sodium, so a sodium restriction is necessary to prevent fluid buildup and maintain electrolyte balance. Potassium-rich foods (choice A) should be limited due to the risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics. Foods low in cholesterol (choice B) are not specifically indicated for acute glomerulonephritis. An increase in calories (choice C) is not necessary for this condition and may lead to weight gain, complicating management.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client to perform peritoneal dialysis in preparation for discharge to home. The nurse tells the client to use which of the following to prevent infection when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gloves and mask. Wearing gloves and a mask is essential when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system to prevent infection. Gloves protect against contact with contaminated fluids, while a mask prevents inhaling any potential pathogens. Goggles (choice C) are unnecessary as there is no risk of splashing in peritoneal dialysis. An apron (choice D) is also unnecessary since gloves provide adequate protection. Gloves alone (choice A) do not offer sufficient protection against potential respiratory infections. Therefore, the combination of gloves and a mask is the most appropriate choice to prevent infection during peritoneal dialysis procedures.