Where is the correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant is the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred for infants and young children because it has a larger muscle mass, reducing the risk of hitting a nerve or bone. The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the thigh, making it easily accessible and safe for injecting vaccines. It is recommended by healthcare professionals for infants due to better absorption and reduced discomfort. In contrast, the deltoid muscle is more suitable for adults, the gluteal muscle carries a risk of hitting the sciatic nerve, and the forearm lacks sufficient muscle mass for injection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG. BCG vaccine is recommended at birth to prevent tuberculosis. It is given to protect infants from severe forms of TB. Other choices (B: Hepatitis B, C: OPV, D: Measles) are typically given at later stages as part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule. Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given within 24 hours of birth, OPV is given in multiple doses starting at 6 weeks of age, and Measles vaccine is given at around 12-15 months of age. Therefore, BCG is the recommended vaccine to be given at birth compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines and other countries in the Western Pacific Region 'free' of smallpox due to successful global vaccination campaigns. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is characterized by a distinctive rash. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Pneumonic plague is a severe form of the bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. B: Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, but it was not eradicated in 1980. D: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) x 100 = 100.94:100. This means for every 100 females, there are 100.94 males, indicating a slightly higher number of males. Choice A (99.06:100) is incorrect as it suggests fewer males than females, which is not the case. Choice C (50.23%) and choice D (49.76%) are incorrect as they represent percentages rather than ratios, leading to a misleading interpretation of the data.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness. A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key. B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach. C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.