ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Where are the podocytes located and what are they?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Podocytes are specialized, branching epithelial cells located in the visceral layer of the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, surrounding the glomerular capillaries. Their foot processes form filtration slits, allowing small molecules like water and ions to pass into the capsule while retaining larger proteins. This role in filtration distinguishes them from cells in the proximal tubule (reabsorption), distal tubule (macula densa), or collecting duct (water regulation), making B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate, creatinine is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the primary site for secreting organic ions like urate and creatinine. Specialized transporters in the PCT move these substances from peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen, aiding waste elimination. The distal tubule secretes H⺠and Kâº, while the Loop and collecting duct have different roles, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
In presence of ADH, the Osmolality of medullary tissue is up to 1200 mOsm/kg H2O by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, the medullary interstitium reaches ~1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O due to the countercurrent multiplier (NaCl from the ascending limb) and urea recycling (from the collecting duct). Both contribute to the hyperosmotic gradient driving water reabsorption. NaCl alone (A) or urea alone (B) underestimates this, and 1200 mOsm is achievable (D is false), making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses, in that they are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on the patient's human response to health conditions (e.g., pain, anxiety, impaired mobility), guiding holistic care, whereas medical diagnoses identify the pathological condition (e.g., pneumonia, diabetes) for treatment. Nursing diagnoses aren't solely dependent on medical ones (A), go beyond caring vs. curing (B), and include physiologic responses, not just psychosocial (D), making C the key distinction.
Question 5 of 5
After completing a thorough neurological and physical assessment of a patient who is admitted for a suspected stroke, the medical-surgical nurse anticipates the next step in the immediate care of this patient will include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a suspected stroke, a CT scan without contrast (B) is the immediate next step to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, guiding treatment (e.g., tPA within 4.5 hours for ischemic). tPA (A) requires CT confirmation, neurosurgery (C) or Doppler (D) follows diagnosis, making B the critical diagnostic priority.