ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, which of the following actions does NOT occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the diaphragm and external intercostals contract during inhalation, the chest expands diaphragm moves inferiorly, ribs lift increasing thoracic volume. This drops intrapulmonary (alveolar) pressure below atmospheric, drawing air in, and intrapleural pressure decreases (more negative, e.g., -6 mmHg from -4 mmHg) to keep lungs expanded. Intrapleural pressure increasing doesn't occur it contradicts mechanics of inspiration, where negative pressure maintains lung inflation. An increase would collapse lungs, as in pneumothorax. This action's absence is key to understanding ventilation dynamics, distinguishing normal breathing from pathological states where pressure relationships invert, a fundamental concept in respiratory physiology.
Question 2 of 5
A client is receiving isoetharine hydrochloride (Bronkosol) via a nebulizer. The nurse monitors the client for which side effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Isoetharine (Bronkosol), a beta-2 agonist bronchodilator, commonly causes tachycardia (D) as a side effect. It stimulates beta-2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to relieve bronchospasm, but beta-1 crossover in the heart increases heart rate palpitations or tremors may follow. Constipation (A) and diarrhea (B) aren't linked; gastrointestinal effects are rare. Bradycardia (C) opposes beta-adrenergic stimulation, which accelerates pulse. Other effects like nervousness or dry mouth occur, but tachycardia is a primary concern, requiring monitoring, especially in COPD or asthma patients with cardiac comorbidities, a key nursing task to ensure safety during nebulizer therapy.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer respiratory medications to a child hospitalized with asthma. By which most frequently used route will the medication be administered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aerosol (A), via nebulizer or inhaler, is the most frequent route for asthma medications in hospitalized children (e.g., albuterol). It delivers drugs like bronchodilators directly to airways, rapidly relieving bronchospasm with minimal systemic effects ideal for acute settings. Intravenous (B) suits emergencies (e.g., status asthmaticus) with steroids or theophylline, but it's less common. Subcutaneous (C) is rare epinephrine is historical, not routine. Oral (D) steroids or leukotriene modifiers are slower, for maintenance. Aerosol's targeted, fast action dominates inpatient asthma care, a nursing standard to optimize respiratory relief and monitor response.
Question 4 of 5
A 33-year-old man suddenly develops severe dyspnea with wheezing. On physical examination, his vital signs are temperature, 37C; pulse, 95/min; respirations, 35/min; and blood pressure, 130/80 mm Hg. A chest radiograph shows increased lucency in all lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis shows Po2, 65 mm Hg; Pco2, 30 mm Hg; and pH, 7.48. A sputum cytologic specimen shows Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, branching septate hyphae, and eosinophils in a background of abundant mucus. What is the most likely risk factor predisposing him to illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cytokine gene polymorphisms (A) predispose to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in this asthma case (Page 28, Ans: A). TH2 cytokine excess (IL-5, IL-13) drives eosinophilia and IgE (Page 6), reacting to Aspergillus hyphae . Spirals and crystals confirm atopic asthma. Aspiration (B) lacks eosinophils. Dusts (C) cause restriction. CFTR (D) yields bronchiectasis. A's genetic link 5q locus explains hypersensitivity, unlike B's mechanical cause, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following is the first line therapy and management of acute asthma attack?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.