When teaching parents about the child’s readiness for toilet training, which of the following signs should the nurse instruct them to watch for in the toddler?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Verbalizing bathroom desire indicates cognitive/physical readiness (18–36 months). Dryness (A) is an outcome. Sitting/walking (B) are earlier milestones. A sibling (C) is irrelevant.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Substitutive milk (formula) supplements or replaces breast milk when supply is inadequate, making Option A true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes a murmur, poor lower-body perfusion, and heart failure signs (dyspnea, hepatomegaly) in neonates. Diaphragmatic hernia (B) affects breathing differently. Sepsis (C) lacks murmur specificity. PDA (D) has a continuous murmur, not ejection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The rotavirus vaccine (e.g., RotaTeq or Rotarix) is a live attenuated vaccine administered orally to infants to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis. Choice B (Hepatitis B) is a recombinant subunit vaccine (inactivated), Choice C (Rabies) is an inactivated vaccine, and Choice D (Pneumococcal, e.g., PCV13 or PPSV23) is also inactivated. Only rotavirus among these is a live vaccine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An itchy, raised rash (urticaria or hives) is an early cutaneous sign of anaphylaxis, often appearing within minutes of exposure to an allergen (e.g., vaccine component). It reflects histamine release from mast cells. Choice A (throat swelling) and B (wheezing) are also signs of anaphylaxis but typically develop later as the reaction progresses to airway involvement. Choice D (redness at injection site) is a common, benign local reaction, not indicative of anaphylaxis.