ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
When taking the nursing history of a child with cystic fibrosis, what piece of information about the child's newborn period would the nurse expect the mother to report?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Meconium ileus (C) is a classic newborn sign of cystic fibrosis (CF), where thick, sticky meconium obstructs the ileum due to pancreatic enzyme deficiency up to 20% of CF cases present this way. Resuscitation (A) isn't CF-specific unless complicated. Labor duration (B, D) long or short doesn't link to CF; it's unrelated to mucus pathology. Meconium ileus, often requiring surgery, signals CF's exocrine dysfunction early, key in history-taking to confirm diagnosis and educate parents on its multisystem impact, a nursing step to connect past and present care needs.
Question 2 of 5
A 62-year-old man is a smoker with a 10-year history of cough productive of copious mucopurulent sputum. Over the past 6 months, he has developed progressive dyspnea. Physical examination shows bilateral pedal edema and a soft but enlarged liver. A chest radiograph shows bilateral pleural effusions and a prominent right heart border. Arterial blood gas values are Po2, 60 mm Hg; Pco2, 52 mm Hg; pH, 7.30; and HCO3-, 29 mEq/L. He is intubated and placed on a ventilator, and he requires increasing amounts of oxygen. Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be present in the affected lungs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypertrophy of bronchial submucosal glands (D) marks chronic bronchitis (Page 30, Ans: D). Smoking and cough (>3 months, 2 years) with cor pulmonale (edema, effusions) reflect mucus hypersecretion (100 mL/day). Granulomas (A) fit sarcoidosis. Carcinoma (B) masses. Fibrosis (C) is restrictive. D's histologic change unlike A's granulomas drives obstruction, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is the role of IL-4 :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-4 drives IgE production (B) in asthma (Page 31, Ans: C corrected). TH2 cells signal B cells for IgE , not directly eosinophils (A IL-5) or mucus (C IL-13). All' (D) overstates. B's specificity unlike D's breadth is key, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following diseases causes reversible bronchoconstriction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma (D) causes reversible bronchoconstriction . B-agonists reverse spasms , unlike irreversible bronchiectasis (A), bronchitis (B), and emphysema (C). D's reversibility versus B's chronicity defines it, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of alveoli in the lung?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Poor blood supply (D) isn't an alveolar feature . Alveoli (300 million) boast a 70 m^2 surface (A), 0.2 μm walls (B), and surfactant (C) to prevent collapse, with rich capillaries (Page 5, Q11J) not poor (D). Efficient O2 diffusion (50 mL/min) demands vascularity. D's falsity unlike A's expanse or C's tension reduction contradicts alveolar design, per document.