ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
When performing an abdominal examination, the patient should be in a supine position with the head of the bed at what position?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For an abdominal examination, the patient should lie supine with the head of the bed at 0 degrees flat. This position relaxes abdominal muscles, optimizing access for inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation, and allowing clear assessment of organ contours or tenderness. Elevating the head (30 or 45 degrees) tenses muscles, hindering palpation and potentially masking findings, while 90 degrees (sitting upright) distorts abdominal layout, unsuitable for a thorough exam. The flat supine position ensures uniformity, aiding detection of abnormalities like masses or distension, and aligns with clinical standards for accuracy. Nurses use this to establish baseline data or monitor conditions (e.g., post-surgery), making 0 degrees the essential choice for effective, reliable abdominal assessment.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse notes that the apical heart rate of a newborn is 152 beats per minute and regular. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A newborn's normal heart rate ranges from 120-160 beats per minute at rest, per pediatric norms. At 152 bpm and regular, this falls within healthy limits, reflecting a typical neonatal cardiovascular response e.g., higher rates due to immature regulation. Notifying the physician is unnecessary without distress signs (e.g., cyanosis), as this isn't abnormal. Monitoring is routine but not the priority action documentation suffices unless trends shift. Assessing for circulatory distress (e.g., poor perfusion) is proactive, but with regularity and no symptoms, it's not indicated. Documenting as normal aligns with evidence-based practice, ensuring accurate records without escalating a non-issue, standard for stable newborns.
Question 3 of 5
The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as bacteria, toxin, viruses and foreign body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens.
Question 4 of 5
The most important purpose of cleansing bed bath is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A cleansing bed bath aims to clean, refresh, and comfort bedridden clients.
Question 5 of 5
A registered nurse reaches to answer the telephone on a busy pediatric unit, momentarily turning away from a 3 month-old infant she has been weighing. The infant falls off the scale, suffering a skull fracture. The nurse could be charged with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malpractice involves professional negligence causing harm, like leaving an infant unattended.