When John has been given paracetamol, his fever was brought down dramatically from 40 degrees Celsius to 36.7 degrees in a matter of 10 minutes. The nurse would assess this event as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Paracetamol dropping fever from 40°C to 36.7°C in 10 minutes fully meets the goal of fever reduction e.g., normal range (36.6-38°C) achieved. Partial or unmet goals imply residual fever; undesired criteria suggest side effects (none here). Nurses document this success, per outcome evaluation standards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Questioning a morphine order for pancreatitis exemplifies the client advocate role, where nurses safeguard patient well-being. Morphine can worsen pancreatitis by causing sphincter of Oddi spasm, unlike safer options like meperidine. By challenging this, the nurse protects the client from harm, a duty rooted in ethical codes like the ANA's. Change agents modify behaviors, case managers coordinate, and collaborators work jointly, but advocacy uniquely prioritizes patient safety over compliance. In practice, this might involve consulting the doctor for an alternative, ensuring care aligns with the patient's best interest, a critical nursing responsibility.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clara Louise Maas died in 1901 proving yellow fever's mosquito link volunteering for bites advancing epidemiology. Unlike Tucker, Robb (educator), or Hampton Robb (surgical pioneer), her sacrifice at 25 impacted public health, a heroic legacy in nursing research and disease prevention history.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas founded the Philippine Nurses Association in 1922 e.g., advocating licensure elevating Filipino nursing. Sotejo (educator), Octaviano, and Dionisio differ. Her leadership shaped national standards, a key milestone in local nursing's professional history.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Defervescence (decline) involves vasodilation and sweating e.g., cooling as heat dissipates. Delirium (high fever), goose flesh (chills), or cyanosis (hypoxia) don't fit. Nurses anticipate this e.g., damp sheets in Marianne, adjusting care, per fever stages.