When does the heart receives blood from the coronary artery?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Coronary arteries fill during diastole e.g., heart relaxes, aortic pressure pushes blood in. Systole (contraction), valve timing differ. Nurses note this e.g., angina for perfusion, per cardiac cycle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Auscultating bowel sounds uses the diaphragm lightly e.g., hears gurgles unlike firm (blocks), 5 minutes (standard), warming (optional). Nurses listen e.g., quadrants for accuracy, per technique.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dorothea Orem's self-care theory posits that nurses assist clients in performing self-care activities to maintain or improve health, emphasizing individual responsibility and nursing support when deficits arise. Developed in the mid-20th century, this theory frames nursing as a facilitative process, helping clients meet universal needs like air, water, and food, or recover from illness through tailored interventions. Florence Nightingale focused on environmental modifications to aid healing, not self-care. Virginia Henderson's Need Theory defines nursing as assisting with basic needs until independence is regained, differing from Orem's self-care focus. Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model centers on adjusting to stimuli, not self-care per se. Orem's framework remains influential, guiding nurses to empower clients in managing their health, particularly in chronic or rehabilitative contexts, by fostering independence and collaboration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A concept in nursing is a group of abstract ideas or objects linked by relationships, forming the building blocks of understanding like 'health' encompassing wellness and disease. Theory expands this, weaving concepts into a structured explanation, such as Orem's self-care model. Deductive reasoning starts with a general idea (e.g., all humans need oxygen) to infer specifics (this patient needs oxygen), while inductive reasoning observes specifics (patients improve with oxygen) to generalize. Concepts are foundational, enabling nurses to define and explore phenomena like pain's physical and emotional ties before theorizing. This abstraction aids in assessing client needs, planning care, and communicating effectively, grounding nursing in clear, relational ideas that evolve with practice and research, distinct from the logical processes of reasoning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Health promotion and illness prevention models like the Health Belief Model or Agent-Host-Environment help providers understand health-related behaviors, decoding why people adopt or resist practices like smoking cessation. They analyze perceptions, risks, and environmental influences, guiding tailored interventions across diverse groups. They don't define medical frameworks or focus solely on disability care plans, though applicable there. Nor do they create rehabilitative forums rehab is tertiary, not their core. For example, the Health Belief Model predicts vaccine uptake by assessing perceived threats and benefits, aiding nurses in crafting education. These models' strength lies in behavioral insight, enhancing nursing's ability to prevent illness and promote health universally, not just for specific conditions, making care proactive and culturally attuned.