ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
When developing a discharge plan to manage the care of a client with COPD, the nurse should anticipate that the client will do which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients with COPD, marked by chronic airflow limitation, easily develop infections due to impaired mucociliary clearance and weakened immunity from chronic inflammation respiratory infections often trigger exacerbations. Maintaining status (B) is a goal, not a natural outcome; COPD progresses without intervention. Reduced oxygen need (C) contradicts disease progression, as lung damage worsens hypoxia. Permanent improvement (D) is unrealistic COPD is irreversible, though manageable. Anticipating frequent infections shapes discharge planning teaching infection prevention (e.g., vaccines, hygiene) is critical to reduce hospital readmissions, a nursing priority in chronic disease management.
Question 2 of 5
A 45-year-old man has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 20 years. For the past 4 years, he has had chronic cough with copious mucoid expectoration. During the past year, he has had multiple respiratory tract infections diagnosed as 'viral flu'. He has also developed difficulty breathing, tightness of the chest, and audible wheezing. His breathing difficulty is relieved by inhalation of B-adrenergic agonist and disappears after the chest infection has resolved. Which of the following pathologic conditions is most likely responsible for his clinical condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic asthmatic bronchitis (C) fits this smoker's profile (Page 28, Ans: C). Chronic bronchitis (cough >3 months, 2 years) from smoking (40 pack-years) plus nonatopic asthma (wheezing, B-agonist relief) post-viral infections explains symptoms . AAT deficiency (A) causes panacinar emphysema, no bronchoconstriction. Centriacinar emphysema (B) lacks wheezing prominence. Cystic fibrosis (D) starts in childhood, not midlife. C's dual pathology mucus hypersecretion (100 mL/day) and hyperreactivity distinguishes it from A's genetic basis or B's pure obstruction, per document.
Question 3 of 5
A 70-year-old woman has had episodes of dyspnea with wheezing and coughing, accompanied by urticaria for the past 3 years. She has had bouts of rhinitis. She has a 10-year history of osteoarthritis. On physical examination she has nasal polyps. Use of which of the following medications is the most likely risk factor for her respiratory disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin (B) triggers intrinsic asthma here (Page 30, Ans: B). Blocking cyclooxygenase shunts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes (Page 5), causing bronchospasm and rhinitis. Acetaminophen (A) is safe. Gabapentin (C) and morphine (D) are unrelated. B's effect 10% incidence contrasts A's neutrality, per document.
Question 4 of 5
A 28 year old woman with cystic fibrosis presents with increasing shortness of breath and production of abundant foul-smelling sputum. The sputum in this patient is most likely associated with which of the following pulmonary condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchiectasis (B) links to cystic fibrosis sputum . CFTR mutation thickens mucus , dilating bronchi (100 mL/day). Atelectasis (A) collapses. Emphysema (C) is dry. Pneumothorax (D) lacks sputum. B's infection unlike C's dryness is typical, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these symptoms is common is all COPDs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dyspnea (A) is common in all COPD . Airflow obstruction raises work of breathing (RR >20). Dry cough (B) fits emphysema. Recoil loss (C) is emphysema-specific. Coexistence (D) varies. A's universality unlike C's specificity holds, per document.