When computer accepts data, it produces

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a computer accepts data (raw input), it processes it to produce meaningful output, termed information. 'Information,' is correct because it reflects this transformation, as per the data-information-knowledge model in computing (e.g., Ackoff's hierarchy). 'Program,' is software, not an output. 'Print out,' is a specific output form, not the general result. 'Result,' is close but less precise, as it's a broader term; information' specifically denotes processed, usable data (e.g., a report from a database). The computer's core function—converting data into interpretable information, like patient stats in healthcare—makes C the most accurate answer, rooted in information systems theory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a wide range of bacteria, disrupting normal flora and allowing opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Clostridium difficile) to overgrow, causing superinfection. 'Super infection,' is correct, as per infectious disease texts (e.g., Mandell's Principles). 'Hypersensitivity,' is an allergic reaction, not flora-related. 'Direct toxicity,' is organ damage from the drug, not microbial imbalance. 'Toxicity,' is too broad, missing the specific overgrowth context. Superinfection's link to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, like pseudomembranous colitis, makes A the accurate answer, distinct from immune or toxic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the first nurse researcher for her pioneering statistical analysis of hospital mortality during the Crimean War. 'Florence Nightingale,' is correct, as her work (e.g., Notes on Nursing) laid foundations for evidence-based practice, per nursing history (e.g., Judd's Nursing Theories). 'Calista Roy,' and 'Betty Neuman,' developed later models (adaptation, systems). 'Dorothea Orems,' focused on self-care theory, not early research. Nightingale's use of data to improve care marks her as the originator, making C the precise answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sample size is the number of units chosen to represent a population. 'Sample size,' is correct, per statistical design (e.g., Kish), determining study precision (e.g., 100 nurses). 'Sample frame,' is the population list. 'Sampling unit,' is a single entity. 'Sampling fraction,' is the proportion sampled. Sample size's focus on the count of representatives distinguishes D as the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The shoulder's ball-and-socket joint allows humeral rotation. 'Ball and socket,' is correct, the glenohumeral joint's structure, per anatomy (e.g., Tortora). 'Hinge,' (e.g., elbow) limits rotation. 'Condylar,' (e.g., knee) is less mobile. 'Saddle,' (e.g., thumb) is specific. Ball-and-socket's multidirectional range makes B the precise answer.