ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes administration of gamma globulin to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities and salicylates for anti-inflammatory effects. A is incorrect because aspirin is actually indicated for Kawasaki disease. B is incorrect as the principal area of involvement is the coronary arteries, not the joints. C is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is not responsive to antibiotics as it is an autoimmune disease.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue follows this pathway: afferent lymphatic vessel (brings lymph into the node) → lymph node (where lymph is filtered) → efferent lymphatic vessel (carries filtered lymph out of the node). This sequence ensures that lymph containing pathogens or antigens from the infected tissue enters the lymph node for immune response activation and filtering before being circulated back into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because it reverses the order of the lymphatic vessels, leading to the lymph node first and then out of the node. Choice B is incorrect because it introduces a venule before the lymph node, which is not part of the typical lymphatic pathway. Choice D is incorrect because it introduces an artery before the lymph node, which is not part of the lymphatic circulation pathway.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing care to a client who comes to the Emergency Department with a very large cut on their leg which is bleeding. The nurse explains that the healthcare team will assist with stopping the bleeding and to assist the body with wound healing. Which of the following responses would be correct for the nurse to share with the client? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vasodilation widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow and potentially worsening bleeding. Vasoconstriction, as mentioned in option B, would help decrease bleeding by narrowing blood vessels. Option C is correct as the body forms a clot through the process of coagulation. Option D is incorrect as clot formation is not related to immunity. Therefore, the nurse should explain that the body may vasoconstrict to decrease bleeding, not vasodilate as in option A.
Question 4 of 5
Which comment from the nurse demonstrates an understanding of aplastic anemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because aplastic anemia is primarily caused by autoimmune activity where cytotoxic T cells target and destroy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This leads to pancytopenia and hypocellular, not hypercellular, bone marrow. Choice A is incorrect because aplastic anemia is not the most common type of anemia. Choice B is incorrect because it can also be caused by factors other than medications and toxins. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the opposite of the characteristic bone marrow finding in aplastic anemia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who has heart failure related to mitral stenosis. The client reports shortness of breath on exertion. Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased pulmonary congestion. In mitral stenosis, the narrowing of the mitral valve leads to reduced blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. This results in pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath on exertion. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Decreased cardiac output - While heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output, in mitral stenosis, the primary issue is increased pressure in the left atrium, not necessarily decreased cardiac output. C: Peripheral edema - Peripheral edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure rather than mitral stenosis, which primarily affects the left side of the heart. D: Hypotension - Hypotension is not typically expected in mitral stenosis, as the main issue is increased pressure in the left atrium rather than decreased systemic blood pressure.