When caring for a patient who just received a terminal diagnosis and is tearful and frightened, what is the best action to demonstrate caring?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In situations where a patient receives a terminal diagnosis and is emotionally distressed, it is essential to provide empathy and support. Sitting with the patient and actively listening to their fears allows the patient to express their emotions and concerns. This action demonstrates genuine care and compassion, showing the patient that their feelings are acknowledged and valued. It creates a therapeutic environment that fosters trust and emotional well-being, helping the patient cope with the distressing news. Calling the patient's spiritual leader (Choice A) may not address the immediate emotional needs of the patient. Calling the patient's family (Choice B) can be comforting but might not directly address the patient's fears. Crying with the patient (Choice C) can blur professional boundaries and may not be as beneficial as actively listening and providing support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a nurse is planning to run for the local school board, the important source of power would be 'Connection.' In politics, building relationships and forming connections are crucial for gaining support, forming coalitions, and accessing valuable information. Being charismatic is not a necessary attribute for utilizing power effectively in this context. While expertise is valuable, especially in education-related matters, it is not specified as a primary source of power for a political candidate. Rewards are not typically within the purview of a candidate running for a position such as the local school board.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Personal knowing in any field, especially in nursing, is primarily acquired through self-evaluation and conscious examination. This process involves reflecting on personal values, beliefs, experiences, and emotions to gain insight into oneself. By engaging in self-evaluation and conscious examination, students can enhance their self-awareness and develop a deeper understanding of themselves. This self-awareness is crucial for nurses as it enables them to provide holistic and patient-centered care. Choices A, B, and C do not directly contribute to personal knowing in the context of nursing. Being punctual, attending all classes, or participating in clinical experiences are important for professional development but do not necessarily lead to the deep self-reflection required for personal knowing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Love and belonging needs, as per Maslow's hierarchy, refer to the sense of belonging, being accepted, and forming meaningful relationships. In this scenario, the patient having friends around and engaging in social interactions indicates fulfillment of the love and belonging need. Choice A, self-esteem, focuses on self-respect and confidence, which are not directly related to the patient's interaction with friends. Choice C, safety, involves physical and psychological safety, which may be important but not the primary need being met in this situation. Choice D, self-actualization, relates to realizing personal potential, creativity, and achieving goals, which are at a higher level in the hierarchy compared to the need for love and belonging.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Value-based healthcare focuses on improving clinical outcomes while controlling costs. It emphasizes quality over quantity, aiming to provide efficient and effective care that enhances patient health outcomes while managing expenses. Choices A and B are incorrect because value-based healthcare is not about focusing on the volume of services provided or maximizing hospital revenue. Choice D, emphasizing patient satisfaction, is also not the primary focus of value-based healthcare, which prioritizes clinical outcomes and cost control.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Practicing and reviewing procedures for performing skills is crucial for a student preparing for a clinical experience. This preparation allows the student to build competence and confidence in executing required tasks. Reviewing class notes may be helpful for theoretical knowledge but may not adequately prepare the student for practical skills needed in a clinical setting. Familiarizing oneself with the clinical facility is beneficial but does not directly address skill readiness. Arriving early is important but does not substitute for the essential preparation of practicing and reviewing procedures for performing skills.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse is acting as an advocate by ensuring the patient is fully informed before consenting to participate in the study. Advocacy in healthcare involves supporting and promoting the patient's rights, including the right to be fully informed about their care and treatment options. By advocating for the patient in this scenario, the nurse is prioritizing the patient's well-being and autonomy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The nurse is not acting as a teacher, caregiver, or communicator specifically in this scenario, but rather advocating for the patient's right to informed consent.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. LPNs and LVNs have the same duties and skills but hold different titles. The distinction between the two titles is primarily regional, with some states using LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) and others using LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) to refer to the same role. Their scope of practice, responsibilities, and educational requirements are essentially equivalent, with the only notable difference being the title itself. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because LPNs and LVNs generally have similar educational program lengths, both can perform venipuncture, and both have the potential to pursue further education and licensure to become registered nurses (RNs) if they choose to do so.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: One function of the advance directive is to appoint a health-care surrogate who will make known the client’s wishes for medical treatment to the medical and nursing team if the client is unable to do so.