When caring for a client suspected of having hyperemesis gravidarum, which finding is a manifestation of this condition?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine ketones present. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration and ketonuria. Presence of urine ketones indicates fat breakdown due to inadequate calorie intake. Option A is within normal range for hemoglobin. Option C is within normal range for alanine aminotransferase. Option D is within normal range for blood glucose. Thus, the presence of urine ketones is the most indicative finding for hyperemesis gravidarum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the acoustic vibration device is used during a nonstress test to wake up a sleeping fetus, ensuring that the baby is active and responsive during the test. This helps to assess the baby's well-being and monitor its heart rate patterns. Choice A is incorrect as the device does not stimulate uterine contractions. Choice B is incorrect as it does not decrease the incidence of contractions. Choice C is incorrect as the device does not lull the fetus to sleep, but rather ensures the fetus is awake and moving during the test.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ceftriaxone. It is the recommended first-line treatment for gonorrhea due to increasing resistance to other antibiotics. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin that effectively treats gonorrhea. Fluconazole (B) is used for fungal infections, not bacterial. Metronidazole (C) is used for anaerobic bacterial infections like bacterial vaginosis, not gonorrhea. Zidovudine (D) is used to treat HIV, not gonorrhea. Therefore, A is the correct choice for treating gonorrhea effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iron. During pregnancy, the body's demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and placenta. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the baby. Inadequate iron intake can lead to maternal anemia and complications. Calcium is important for bone health, but the focus in the 8th week of gestation should be on iron. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is important for overall health but not specifically targeted for increased intake in the 8th week of pregnancy. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health, but iron takes precedence during this stage of pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transition. Transition phase occurs when the cervix is dilated from 8 to 10 cm. This phase is characterized by intense contractions close together, increased rectal pressure, and emotional changes. The client in this scenario has contractions 2 to 3 minutes apart, lasting 80 to 90 seconds, and the cervix is dilated to 9 cm. This aligns with the characteristics of the transition phase. Summary: A: Active phase occurs when the cervix is dilated from 4 to 7 cm. C: Latent phase occurs when the cervix is dilated from 0 to 3 cm. D: Descent phase is not a recognized phase of labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight gain of 2.2 kg (4.8 lb). This finding should be reported to the provider because sudden excessive weight gain in late pregnancy can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. This could indicate a potential complication that needs immediate medical attention. Explanation: A: Blood pressure 136/88 mm Hg - This blood pressure reading is slightly elevated but not concerning for preeclampsia at this level. B: Report of insomnia - Insomnia is a common issue during pregnancy and not typically a cause for immediate concern. D: Report of Braxton-Hicks contractions - Braxton-Hicks contractions are common in the third trimester and are considered normal as long as they are not regular or increasing in intensity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Late decelerations indicate fetal distress, suggesting compromised oxygenation. Starting oxytocin can further stress the fetus, worsening decelerations. Report to prevent harm. B is incorrect as moderate variability is a reassuring sign of fetal well-being. C is incorrect as cessation of uterine dilation may indicate uterine hyperstimulation, not fetal distress. D is incorrect as prolonged active labor phase alone doesn't necessarily contraindicate oxytocin, but it may require monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because dressing the baby in flame-retardant clothing is a safety measure to reduce the risk of burns. Flame-retardant clothing can help protect the baby in case of accidental exposure to fire or heat sources. Choice B is incorrect because putting a bib on the baby at night can pose a suffocation hazard. Choice C is incorrect because warming formula in the microwave can create hot spots that may burn the baby's mouth. Choice D is incorrect because covering the crib mattress with plastic can increase the risk of suffocation and overheating for the baby.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The client is experiencing the transition phase of labor. This stage occurs between the first and second stages, characterized by intense contractions, rapid cervical dilation, and strong emotions like irritability and feeling overwhelmed. The urge to have a bowel movement and vomiting are common signs indicating the baby is descending. The statement 'I can't do this anymore' is typical of transition as it signifies the peak of discomfort before the urge to push in the second stage. Other options are incorrect as the symptoms described align with the transition phase.