When calculating the Apgar score of a newborn at 1 minute after delivery, which of the following findings would result in a score of 6?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Apgar score assesses the newborn's overall condition at birth based on five criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. A score of 6 at 1 minute indicates moderate difficulty in transitioning to extrauterine life. For a score of 6, the baby may have a heart rate below 100 bpm, weak respiratory effort, some muscle tone, grimacing reflex irritability, and a body with bluish extremities but normal body color. Choice C aligns with these criteria. Choices A, B, and D do not meet the requirements for a score of 6 as they represent either too low or too high values in one or more criteria, resulting in a different Apgar score.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Tilt the bottle to prevent air from entering as the baby sucks is incorrect. It is important not to tilt the bottle as it can cause the baby to swallow air, leading to gas and discomfort. A: Keeping the baby's head elevated helps prevent choking. B: Allowing the baby to burp reduces gas and discomfort. D: Soft, formed yellow stools indicate a healthy digestive system. Thus, C is the only statement that may lead to issues and requires further instruction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The newborn will have a continuous high-pitched cry. This is indicative of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to maternal substance use during pregnancy. The high-pitched cry is a common symptom of NAS, reflecting the newborn's central nervous system irritability. The other choices are incorrect because decreased muscle tone (Choice A) is not a typical symptom of NAS, newborns with NAS tend to have increased muscle tone; sleeping for 2 to 3 hours after a feeding (Choice C) is a normal newborn behavior and not specific to NAS; mild tremors when disturbed (Choice D) may occur but are not as characteristic of NAS as the high-pitched cry.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Covering the newborn's head with a cap. This is the highest priority as newborns are at risk for heat loss due to their large head surface area. By covering the newborn's head with a cap, heat loss can be minimized, helping to maintain the baby's body temperature. This is crucial for the newborn's overall well-being and to prevent complications such as hypothermia. Initiating breastfeeding (A) is important for newborn nutrition but can be delayed slightly without immediate harm. Performing the initial bath (B) can also wait as it is not as urgent as maintaining the newborn's temperature. Giving a vitamin K injection (C) is important for blood clotting but can be done after ensuring the baby's temperature is stable.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gradual lordosis. During the third trimester, the growing uterus shifts the center of gravity forward, leading to an increased lumbar curvature known as lordosis. This change helps maintain balance and support the extra weight. Increased abdominal muscle tone (B) is not an expected finding as abdominal muscles tend to stretch and weaken during pregnancy. Posterior neck flexion (C) is not a common physiologic change during the third trimester. Decreased mobility of pelvic joints (D) is incorrect as hormonal changes during pregnancy actually increase flexibility in the pelvic joints to prepare for childbirth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cleaning the penis with each diaper change is crucial for proper circumcision care to prevent infection. This statement shows understanding of the teaching as it emphasizes the importance of keeping the area clean. A: The circumcision healing within a couple of days is incorrect as it usually takes about 1-2 weeks. B: Not removing the yellow mucus can lead to infection, so this is an incorrect statement. D: Giving a tub bath within a couple of days can increase the risk of infection, so this statement is incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Missed miscarriage. At 11 weeks gestation, the fetus has died but has not been expelled from the uterus. This is known as a missed miscarriage. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Incomplete miscarriage involves partial expulsion of the products of conception. C: Inevitable miscarriage indicates that the miscarriage is in progress and cannot be stopped. D: Complete miscarriage refers to the complete expulsion of all products of conception from the uterus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: This is more commonly seen in newborns who have dark skin. The bluish-brown marking described is likely a Mongolian spot, a common birthmark in darker-skinned infants. It is not related to hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice), forceps marks, or birth trauma. Mongolian spots are benign and typically fade over time. This statement is correct as it addresses the specific characteristic of the marking and its association with dark skin pigmentation in newborns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because keeping the nipple full of formula throughout the feeding helps prevent the baby from swallowing air, reducing the risk of gas and colic. A is incorrect because burping should be done mid-feeding. B is incorrect because newborns should be held in an upright position while feeding to prevent choking. D is incorrect because unused formula should be discarded within 1-2 hours, not refrigerated.