ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Fundamentals Practice Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
When assessing for substances that are known to harm workers lungs, the occupational health nurse should assess their potential exposure to which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asbestos exposure is a well-documented occupational hazard causing pneumoconiosis, notably asbestosis, and lung cancer due to its fibrous particles lodging in lung tissue, triggering chronic inflammation and scarring. The occupational health nurse must assess this risk in industries like construction or shipbuilding, where asbestos was historically used. Organic acids may irritate airways but don't typically cause chronic lung disease like pneumoconiosis. Propane, a gas, poses asphyxiation or explosion risks, not direct lung parenchymal damage. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is a dust irritant but lacks the fibrogenic potency of asbestos. Focusing on asbestos exposure via job history, duration, and protective measures enables the nurse to identify workers at risk for irreversible lung damage, facilitating early screening (e.g., spirometry, imaging) and prevention strategies like respirators, critical in occupational health.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is developing the teaching portion of a care plan for a patient with COPD. What would be the most important component for the nurse to emphasize?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important teaching component for a COPD patient is that chronic inhalation of indoor toxins (e.g., smoke, dust, chemicals) can cause lung damage, exacerbating airway obstruction and alveolar destruction. This environmental factor, alongside smoking, drives COPD progression by triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, worsening FEV1 decline. Allowing any smoking e.g., half a pack weekly contradicts cessation's necessity, as even minimal exposure sustains damage. Minor infections aren't self-limited in COPD; they disrupt fragile lung function, requiring prompt treatment to prevent exacerbations. Clustering ADLs in the morning ignores energy conservation needs pacing throughout the day reduces dyspnea. The nurse's emphasis on avoiding indoor toxins empowers the patient to control modifiable risks, complementing smoking cessation and medication, critical for slowing COPD's irreversible course.
Question 3 of 5
The case manager for a group of patients with COPD is providing health education. What is most important for the nurse to assess when providing instructions on self-management to these patients?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In COPD self-management education, the nurse must assess patients' knowledge of self-care and their therapeutic regimen e.g., medication use (inhalers), breathing techniques, and exacerbation action plans as it's most important for daily control and preventing hospitalization. Understanding how to use bronchodilators, adhere to schedules, and recognize worsening symptoms (e.g., increased dyspnea) empowers patients to manage this chronic, irreversible condition effectively, per COPD guidelines (e.g., GOLD). Alternative treatments (e.g., acupuncture) lack evidence for core management. Family awareness of ADLs helps support but isn't the patient's primary learning need. Pathophysiology knowledge aids context but isn't essential for practical self-care. The nurse's focus on this area ensures adherence and skill mastery, critical for long-term COPD outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in the postanesthesia care unit. The patient has developed profuse bleeding from the surgical site, and the surgeon has determined the need to return to the operative area. This procedure would be classified as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An emergency procedure is required immediately to save life or preserve function, as with profuse postoperative bleeding necessitating urgent return to the operating room to control hemorrhage. This life-threatening situation distinguishes it from elective procedures, chosen by patients for non-essential issues like cosmetic surgery, or urgent ones, needed for health but not immediate survival, such as tumor excision. Major procedures involve extensive reconstruction, like coronary bypass, but aren't defined by urgency. The rapid intervention here prevents hypovolemic shock or organ damage, reflecting the critical nature of emergency classification. The nurse's recognition ensures swift coordination, highlighting the priority of stabilizing the patient over less acute classifications, per surgical standards.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is encouraging a reluctant postoperative patient to deep breathe and cough. What explanation can the nurse provide that may encourage the patient to cough more effectively?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Explaining that coughing won't harm the incision if done correctly with splinting reassures the patient, encouraging effective coughing to clear mucus trapped by anesthesia's suppression of reflexes. This reduces atelectasis risk without fear of wound damage. Warning of pneumonia, while true, sounds threatening and less therapeutic. Coughing clears mucus, not anesthesia (metabolized by the body), so that's inaccurate. Limiting coughs to ‘a few times' underestimates the need every 2 hours is standard. This positive, accurate encouragement boosts compliance, ensuring respiratory health while protecting surgical integrity, per evidence-based recovery practices.