When assessing a newborn whose mother consumed alcohol during the pregnancy, the nurse would assess for which of these clinical manifestations?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: These features are characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Inverting gloves traps pathogens inside, reducing contamination risk.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patricia Benner's model, rooted in her 1980s work ‘From Novice to Expert,' frames caring as a relational act where people and events matter, fostering connection. She sees it as inherent to nursing, revealing stress and coping strategies while driving responsibility to aid recovery. Unlike Watson's spiritual lens, Leininger's cultural emphasis, or Swanson's processes, Benner ties caring to skill development e.g., an expert nurse intuitively comforts a distressed patient, re-establishing trust. Her ‘Care Bear' mnemonic links caring to connection, influencing how nurses progress from rule-based to intuitive practice, a concept widely applied in clinical education and mentorship.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: R.S. Peters' moral theory, from the 1960s, centers on principles like justice and honesty e.g., a nurse acts kindly out of habit. Freud's drives, Erikson's stages, and Kohlberg's trust differ. Peters' view of morality as emotion, judgment, and behavior, rooted in automatic virtues, guides nurses in ethical consistency, impacting professional conduct standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maslow's self-actualized person (1940s) is autonomous, creative, and problem-focused e.g., pursuing personal goals over crowd opinion. They value privacy and insight (poetry, science), not majority rule, though they uphold justice personally. This autonomy guides nurses in supporting patients' unique aspirations, fostering self-directed recovery.