ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Test Questions
Question 1 of 9
When an infant is vomiting uncontrollably, it is important for the nurse to assess which complications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uncontrollable vomiting in infants leads to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, requiring careful nursing assessment. Acidosis (choice A) occurs when acid accumulates, typically from diarrhea, not vomiting. Alkalosis (choice B) results from losing gastric acid (HCl) through vomiting, raising blood pH, a common complication in infants with prolonged emesis, such as in pyloric stenosis. Hypokalemia (choice C) can also occur due to potassium loss in vomit, especially if vomiting persists, but it's secondary to the acid-base shift. Hyperkalemia (choice D) is unlikely, as vomiting depletes rather than increases potassium. Alkalosis is the correct answer (B) because the loss of acidic stomach contents directly causes metabolic alkalosis, a priority concern in infants due to their limited compensatory mechanisms. Nurses must monitor respiratory rate (to detect compensation) and administer fluids/electrolytes to correct this imbalance, preventing further complications like seizures or cardiac issues, emphasizing the urgency of early intervention.
Question 2 of 9
A mother of a 3-year-old hospitalized with lead poisoning asks the nurse to explain the treatment for her daughter. The nurse's explanation is based on the knowledge that lead poisoning is treated with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lead poisoning is treated with chelating agents like succimer or EDTA, which bind lead in the bloodstream, facilitating its excretion and reducing toxicity a standard protocol for elevated blood levels. Gastric lavage or charcoal addresses acute ingestion, not chronic exposure common in children, while antiemetics manage symptoms, not the cause. Nurses explain this to parents, emphasizing chelation's role in reversing neurological and systemic damage, ensuring understanding of the treatment's purpose and process.
Question 3 of 9
A client with a history of renal failure is admitted with shortness of breath and substernal chest pain. Which of the following laboratory values should be reported to the physician immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium 6.2 mEq/L (normal 3.5-5.0) in renal failure with chest pain and dyspnea signals hyperkalemia, risking cardiac arrhythmias urgent for physician report. Creatinine elevation is expected, hemoglobin and sodium are normal. Nurses flag this, as it ties to symptoms, prompting ECG and potassium-lowering measures.
Question 4 of 9
This specimen is required to assess glucose levels and for the presence of albumin the the urine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 24-hour urine collection e.g., total daily output assesses glucose and albumin accurately, unlike midstream (spot), postprandial (post-meal), or second void (random). Nurses use this e.g., in diabetes for cumulative protein/sugar levels, per diagnostic protocols.
Question 5 of 9
For a rectal examination, the patient can be directed to assume which of the following positions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All positions (knee-chest, Sims, horizontal recumbent) are suitable for rectal exams.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. To prevent ulceration of the nares while the tube is in place, the nurse should:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying water-soluble lubricant to the nares prevents ulceration with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, reducing friction oil-based lubricants risk aspiration, tight taping increases pressure, and peroxide irritates. Nurses maintain nasal care, ensuring comfort and preventing tissue breakdown during esophageal varices treatment.
Question 7 of 9
Mr. Gary has been stressed for weeks and now feels tired all the time. This is an example of which stage of GAS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Feeling tired after weeks of stress is exhaustion (C) GAS's depletion stage, per Selye, from prolonged cortisol. Alarm (A) is initial, resistance (B) adapts, recovery (D) isn't GAS. C fits resource drain, making it correct.
Question 8 of 9
Click to Highlight below the 3 orders that nurse should perform right away Case Studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an urgent case study scenario, the nurse must prioritize orders based on patient stability and immediate needs. Administering 0.9% sodium chloride 500 ml IV once (C) is a critical action to restore fluid volume or stabilize hemodynamics, often indicated in shock, dehydration, or pending diagnostic results. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter (A) monitors output but isn't immediately life-saving unless bladder obstruction is suspected. A CT scan of the chest (B) diagnoses conditions like pulmonary embolism, but preparation delays execution compared to IV fluids. Laboratory tests (D) like blood cultures, CBC, and ABGs are essential for infection or respiratory assessment but take time to process, lacking the immediacy of fluid administration. The question seeks three priority actions, but the CSV requires one answer, so C is selected as the most actionable and impactful initial step. Rationale: IV saline addresses acute hypovolemia or hypotension swiftly, buying time for diagnostics and interventions, aligning with emergency nursing principles of stabilizing ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) first.
Question 9 of 9
A client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is admitted in preparation for surgery. Which finding should be reported to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Complaints of lower back pain in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patient signal possible rupture or expansion, requiring immediate reporting normal creatinine (0.8mg/dL), BP (110/62), and WBC (9,000cu/mm) don't indicate urgency. Nurses prioritize this symptom, as it may precede hemodynamic instability, necessitating urgent surgical intervention to prevent fatal hemorrhage in this vascular emergency.