ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
When ADH levels in the blood are high, the collecting ducts are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High ADH increases collecting duct permeability to water (C) via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. They remain impermeable to water without ADH (A), proteins (B) are not filtered, and sodium/chloride (D) are regulated elsewhere, making C the effect of ADH.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is not one of the 3 external coverings of the kidney?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidney's coverings are the renal capsule (A), adipose capsule (B), and renal fascia (C). Renal adventitia (D) is not a standard term for kidney layers, making D the incorrect option.
Question 3 of 5
A patient's renal calculus is analyzed as being very high in uric acid. To prevent recurrence of stones, the nurse teaches the patient to avoid eating
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uric acid stones form from high purine intake, found in organ meats and sardines (C), so avoiding these prevents recurrence. Dairy (A) affects calcium stones, legumes (B) are less relevant, and spinach (D) relates to oxalate stones, making C specific.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with renal calculi is hospitalized with gross hematuria and severe colicky left flank pain. Which nursing action will be of highest priority at this time?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe colicky pain (B) in renal calculi demands immediate analgesia for relief, a priority over fluids (A), monitoring (C), or antiemetics (D), which address secondary issues. Pain management enhances patient comfort and stability, making B the top action.
Question 5 of 5
When caring for a patient after cystoscopy, what should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink-tinged urine and urinary frequency are expected after cystoscopy. Burning on urination is common, but pain that requires opioids for relief is not expected. A good fluid intake is encouraged after this procedure. Bed rest is not required after cystoscopy.