ATI LPN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What would result if insulin was injected into a healthy person?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into body cells. When insulin is injected into a healthy person, it enhances glucose absorption by body cells, leading to an increase in glucose concentration within the cells. This process helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting glucose utilization for energy production and storage. Therefore, choice C is correct. Summary: A: Blood glucose levels would not increase as insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells. B: The liver would not convert glycogen into glucose as a response to insulin injection. D: The cell membrane would not become less permeable to glucose; insulin increases glucose uptake by enhancing membrane transport proteins.
Question 2 of 5
Into which parts of the human digestive system are digestive enzymes secreted?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: mouth, stomach, small intestine. Digestive enzymes are secreted in these specific parts to aid in the breakdown of food. In the mouth, salivary glands produce amylase to start breaking down carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric glands secrete pepsin to break down proteins. In the small intestine, the pancreas secretes various enzymes such as lipase, protease, and amylase to further break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not include all three key locations where digestive enzymes are secreted.
Question 3 of 5
Emulsification of fats in the small intestines is due to the action of bile, which is released into the intestine from the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: gall bladder. Bile, which emulsifies fats in the small intestines, is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. When the body detects the presence of fats in the small intestines, the gall bladder releases bile into the small intestines to aid in the emulsification process. The stomach (A) is responsible for the initial digestion of food and does not release bile. Villi (C) are tiny finger-like projections in the small intestines that help with nutrient absorption, not bile release. Lacteals (D) are lymphatic vessels in the small intestines that absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they do not release bile.
Question 4 of 5
In some regions of the world, children suffer from a protein deficiency known as kwashiorkor. This deficiency occurs when a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal. Even though the child is receiving calories, the child becomes sick and less active, and growth ceases. These symptoms are probably due to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: a lack of essential amino acids in the diet. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease, specifically characterized by a lack of essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are necessary for proper growth and development, and when they are lacking, the body cannot synthesize important proteins. This leads to symptoms like stunted growth and decreased activity levels. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: too many nucleic acids in the diet - Nucleic acids are not related to kwashiorkor. B: an overconsumption of complete protein foods - Kwashiorkor is caused by a lack of protein, not an overconsumption. C: not enough carbohydrates in the diet - While carbohydrates are important for energy, kwashiorkor is specifically a protein deficiency disease.
Question 5 of 5
A branch of the nerve regulating the secretions of the stomach can be cut surgically. The decrease in hydrochloric acid secretion that would result from this procedure would be most helpful to an individual with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ulcers. Cutting the nerve branch would decrease hydrochloric acid secretion, which is beneficial for individuals with ulcers as it can help in reducing stomach acidity and promoting healing of the ulcers. For the other choices: A: Diarrhea is not directly related to hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach. B: Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix and is not influenced by stomach acid secretion. C: Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly affected by stomach acid secretion.