ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What word is used to describe the most severe spread of influenza?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A pandemic describes the most severe spread of influenza, characterized by a new virus subtype spreading globally across multiple continents, affecting large populations with significant morbidity and mortality. This differs from an epidemic, which is a regional or community-wide outbreak, less severe in scope. An outbreak is even smaller, often localized, while antigenic refers to the virus's properties, not its spread. Historically, influenza pandemics like 1918 and 2009 demonstrated widespread devastation due to lack of immunity and rapid transmission. Understanding these terms is vital for public health responses pandemics require global coordination, unlike smaller-scale events. The nurse educating about influenza spread would emphasize ‘pandemic' as the term for the most severe scenario, reflecting its impact on healthcare systems and populations, necessitating urgent vaccination and containment strategies.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is speaking to fifth graders about influenza vaccines. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For fifth graders, the nurse teaches that the flu shot helps the body fight the flu virus, a simple, accurate explanation of how the vaccine's inactivated virus trains immunity to recognize and resist influenza. Saying it's live and causes sickness is false for the shot (true for nasal spray, not typically for kids this age), risking fear. It doesn't protect against all viruses just influenza avoiding overstatement. One lifetime shot is wrong annual vaccination matches new strains. This positive, clear message encourages acceptance, explaining immunity in kid-friendly terms, fostering healthy habits and reducing flu's classroom spread, aligning with pediatric health education goals.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is speaking with a client who recently completed chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer diagnosed 11 months prior. The woman asks about the wisdom of getting an influenza vaccine so soon after completing treatment. What statements by the nurse are accurate responses to the client's question? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-chemotherapy, the client's weakened immunity from treatment increases flu susceptibility and severity, making the inactivated flu shot wise it lowers this modifiable risk safely. The shot, not the live nasal spray (contraindicated in immunocompromised), boosts protection without infection risk, per CDC. Saying it causes flu is false the inactivated form can't infect. The nurse stresses vaccination's value for this vulnerable client, reducing infection odds and complications like pneumonia, even if immunity's still recovering, ensuring accurate, actionable advice tailored to her health status.
Question 4 of 5
Chronic bronchitis is characterised by (old paper 2004)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mucus gland hypertrophy (C) characterizes chronic bronchitis, increasing mucosal gland depth'. Choice A (smooth muscle hypertrophy) is asthma-specific. Choice B is true but vague; lymphocyte infiltration occurs, not 'leukocyte.' Choice D is correct; goblet cells enlarge. Choice E (persistent cough 3 months, 2 years) defines it clinically but isn't listed. Page 722 highlights C's morphological hallmark Reid index rises with gland hyperplasia from smoke irritation, driving mucus hypersecretion, distinguishing it over A's asthma feature or B's imprecision.
Question 5 of 5
Bronchiectasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchiectasis can arise as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (B), via chronic inflammation. Choice A is false; it stems from infection/obstruction, not bronchoconstriction (asthma-related). Choice C is incorrect; dilation is irreversible (pneumonia's is temporary). Choice D is wrong; it's uncommon now due to antibiotics. Choice E (mucus hypersecretion) fits bronchitis. Page 727 links B to systemic diseases RA's immune damage weakens airways, predisposing to infection/dilation, unlike A's mechanism or C's reversibility.